Prevalence and Characteristics of Probable Major Depression and Bipolar Disorder within UK Biobank: Cross-Sectional Study of 172,751 Participants

Daniel J. Smith; Barbara I. Nicholl; Breda Cullen; Daniel Martin; Zia Ul-Haq; Jonathan Evans; Jason M. R. Gill; Beverly Roberts; John Gallacher; Daniel Mackay; Matthew Hotopf; Ian Deary; Nick Craddock; Jill P. Pell

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0075362

Prevalence and Characteristics of Probable Major Depression and Bipolar Disorder within UK Biobank: Cross-Sectional Study of 172,751 Participants

Daniel J. Smith^*, Barbara I. Nicholl, Breda Cullen, Daniel Martin, Zia Ul-Haq, Jonathan Evans, Jason M. R. Gill, Beverly Roberts, John Gallacher, Daniel Mackay, Matthew Hotopf, Ian Deary, Nick Craddock, Jill P. Pell

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Objectives: UK Biobank is a landmark cohort of over 500,000 participants which will be used to investigate genetic and non-genetic risk factors for a wide range of adverse health outcomes. This is the first study to systematically assess the prevalence and validity of proposed criteria for probable mood disorders within the cohort (major depression and bipolar disorder).

Methods: This was a descriptive epidemiological study of 172,751 individuals assessed for a lifetime history of mood disorder in relation to a range of demographic, social, lifestyle, personality and health-related factors. The main outcomes were prevalence of a probable lifetime (single) episode of major depression, probable recurrent major depressive disorder (moderate), probable recurrent major depressive disorder (severe), probable bipolar disorder and no history of mood disorder (comparison group). Outcomes were compared on age, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, educational attainment, functioning, self-reported health status, current depressive symptoms, neuroticism score, smoking status and alcohol use.

Results: Prevalence rates for probable single lifetime episode of major depression (6.4%), probable recurrent major depression (moderate) (12.2%), probable recurrent major depression (severe) (7.2%) and probable bipolar disorder (1.3%) were comparable to those found in other population studies. The proposed diagnostic criteria have promising validity, with a gradient in evidence from no mood disorder through major depression and probable bipolar disorder in terms of gender distribution, socioeconomic status, self-reported health rating, current depressive symptoms and smoking.

Significance: The validity of our proposed criteria for probable major depression and probable bipolar disorder within this cohort are supported by these cross-sectional analyses. Our findings are likely to prove useful as a framework for a wide range of future genetic and non-genetic studies.

Original language	English
Article number	75362
Number of pages	7
Journal	PLoS ONE
Volume	8
Issue number	11
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0075362
Publication status	Published - 25 Nov 2013

Keywords / Materials (for Non-textual outputs)

WEEKLY SYMPTOMATIC STATUS
SPECTRUM DISORDER
NATURAL-HISTORY
MENTAL-HEALTH
LIFE EVENTS
NEUROTICISM
ASSOCIATION
DEPRIVATION
POPULATION
SEX

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10.1371/journal.pone.0075362

journal.pone.0075362
© Smith, D. J., Nicholl, B. I., Cullen, B., Martin, D., Ul-Haq, Z., Evans, J., ... Pell, J. P. (2013). Prevalence and Characteristics of Probable Major Depression and Bipolar Disorder within UK Biobank: Cross-Sectional Study of 172,751 Participants. PLoS One, 8(11), [75362]. 10.1371/journal.pone.0075362
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Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology Phase 2.
Maclullich, A.
1/09/13 → 31/08/19
Project: Research
RA2661 Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology Phase 2. Main Budget.
Deary, I., Gale, C., Holmes, M., Logie, P., Maclullich, A., Porteous, D., Seckl, J., Starr, J., Wardlaw, J. & Okely, J.
1/09/13 → 31/08/19
Project: Research
MRC Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology
Deary, I., Holmes, M., Logie, P., McCulloch, J., Porteous, D., Roberts, N., Seckl, J., Starr, J. & Wardlaw, J.
MRC
1/09/08 → 31/08/13
Project: Research

Cite this

Smith, D. J., Nicholl, B. I., Cullen, B., Martin, D., Ul-Haq, Z., Evans, J., Gill, J. M. R., Roberts, B., Gallacher, J., Mackay, D., Hotopf, M., Deary, I., Craddock, N., & Pell, J. P. (2013). Prevalence and Characteristics of Probable Major Depression and Bipolar Disorder within UK Biobank: Cross-Sectional Study of 172,751 Participants. PLoS ONE, 8(11), Article 75362. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0075362

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title = "Prevalence and Characteristics of Probable Major Depression and Bipolar Disorder within UK Biobank: Cross-Sectional Study of 172,751 Participants",

abstract = "Objectives: UK Biobank is a landmark cohort of over 500,000 participants which will be used to investigate genetic and non-genetic risk factors for a wide range of adverse health outcomes. This is the first study to systematically assess the prevalence and validity of proposed criteria for probable mood disorders within the cohort (major depression and bipolar disorder).Methods: This was a descriptive epidemiological study of 172,751 individuals assessed for a lifetime history of mood disorder in relation to a range of demographic, social, lifestyle, personality and health-related factors. The main outcomes were prevalence of a probable lifetime (single) episode of major depression, probable recurrent major depressive disorder (moderate), probable recurrent major depressive disorder (severe), probable bipolar disorder and no history of mood disorder (comparison group). Outcomes were compared on age, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, educational attainment, functioning, self-reported health status, current depressive symptoms, neuroticism score, smoking status and alcohol use.Results: Prevalence rates for probable single lifetime episode of major depression (6.4%), probable recurrent major depression (moderate) (12.2%), probable recurrent major depression (severe) (7.2%) and probable bipolar disorder (1.3%) were comparable to those found in other population studies. The proposed diagnostic criteria have promising validity, with a gradient in evidence from no mood disorder through major depression and probable bipolar disorder in terms of gender distribution, socioeconomic status, self-reported health rating, current depressive symptoms and smoking.Significance: The validity of our proposed criteria for probable major depression and probable bipolar disorder within this cohort are supported by these cross-sectional analyses. Our findings are likely to prove useful as a framework for a wide range of future genetic and non-genetic studies.",

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author = "Smith, {Daniel J.} and Nicholl, {Barbara I.} and Breda Cullen and Daniel Martin and Zia Ul-Haq and Jonathan Evans and Gill, {Jason M. R.} and Beverly Roberts and John Gallacher and Daniel Mackay and Matthew Hotopf and Ian Deary and Nick Craddock and Pell, {Jill P.}",

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month = nov,

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Smith, DJ, Nicholl, BI, Cullen, B, Martin, D, Ul-Haq, Z, Evans, J, Gill, JMR, Roberts, B, Gallacher, J, Mackay, D, Hotopf, M, Deary, I, Craddock, N & Pell, JP 2013, 'Prevalence and Characteristics of Probable Major Depression and Bipolar Disorder within UK Biobank: Cross-Sectional Study of 172,751 Participants', PLoS ONE, vol. 8, no. 11, 75362. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0075362

TY - JOUR

T1 - Prevalence and Characteristics of Probable Major Depression and Bipolar Disorder within UK Biobank: Cross-Sectional Study of 172,751 Participants

AU - Smith, Daniel J.

AU - Nicholl, Barbara I.

AU - Cullen, Breda

AU - Martin, Daniel

AU - Ul-Haq, Zia

AU - Evans, Jonathan

AU - Gill, Jason M. R.

AU - Roberts, Beverly

AU - Gallacher, John

AU - Mackay, Daniel

AU - Hotopf, Matthew

AU - Deary, Ian

AU - Craddock, Nick

AU - Pell, Jill P.

PY - 2013/11/25

Y1 - 2013/11/25

N2 - Objectives: UK Biobank is a landmark cohort of over 500,000 participants which will be used to investigate genetic and non-genetic risk factors for a wide range of adverse health outcomes. This is the first study to systematically assess the prevalence and validity of proposed criteria for probable mood disorders within the cohort (major depression and bipolar disorder).Methods: This was a descriptive epidemiological study of 172,751 individuals assessed for a lifetime history of mood disorder in relation to a range of demographic, social, lifestyle, personality and health-related factors. The main outcomes were prevalence of a probable lifetime (single) episode of major depression, probable recurrent major depressive disorder (moderate), probable recurrent major depressive disorder (severe), probable bipolar disorder and no history of mood disorder (comparison group). Outcomes were compared on age, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, educational attainment, functioning, self-reported health status, current depressive symptoms, neuroticism score, smoking status and alcohol use.Results: Prevalence rates for probable single lifetime episode of major depression (6.4%), probable recurrent major depression (moderate) (12.2%), probable recurrent major depression (severe) (7.2%) and probable bipolar disorder (1.3%) were comparable to those found in other population studies. The proposed diagnostic criteria have promising validity, with a gradient in evidence from no mood disorder through major depression and probable bipolar disorder in terms of gender distribution, socioeconomic status, self-reported health rating, current depressive symptoms and smoking.Significance: The validity of our proposed criteria for probable major depression and probable bipolar disorder within this cohort are supported by these cross-sectional analyses. Our findings are likely to prove useful as a framework for a wide range of future genetic and non-genetic studies.

AB - Objectives: UK Biobank is a landmark cohort of over 500,000 participants which will be used to investigate genetic and non-genetic risk factors for a wide range of adverse health outcomes. This is the first study to systematically assess the prevalence and validity of proposed criteria for probable mood disorders within the cohort (major depression and bipolar disorder).Methods: This was a descriptive epidemiological study of 172,751 individuals assessed for a lifetime history of mood disorder in relation to a range of demographic, social, lifestyle, personality and health-related factors. The main outcomes were prevalence of a probable lifetime (single) episode of major depression, probable recurrent major depressive disorder (moderate), probable recurrent major depressive disorder (severe), probable bipolar disorder and no history of mood disorder (comparison group). Outcomes were compared on age, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, educational attainment, functioning, self-reported health status, current depressive symptoms, neuroticism score, smoking status and alcohol use.Results: Prevalence rates for probable single lifetime episode of major depression (6.4%), probable recurrent major depression (moderate) (12.2%), probable recurrent major depression (severe) (7.2%) and probable bipolar disorder (1.3%) were comparable to those found in other population studies. The proposed diagnostic criteria have promising validity, with a gradient in evidence from no mood disorder through major depression and probable bipolar disorder in terms of gender distribution, socioeconomic status, self-reported health rating, current depressive symptoms and smoking.Significance: The validity of our proposed criteria for probable major depression and probable bipolar disorder within this cohort are supported by these cross-sectional analyses. Our findings are likely to prove useful as a framework for a wide range of future genetic and non-genetic studies.

KW - WEEKLY SYMPTOMATIC STATUS

KW - SPECTRUM DISORDER

KW - NATURAL-HISTORY

KW - MENTAL-HEALTH

KW - LIFE EVENTS

KW - NEUROTICISM

KW - ASSOCIATION

KW - DEPRIVATION

KW - POPULATION

KW - SEX

U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0075362

DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0075362

M3 - Article

SN - 1932-6203

VL - 8

JO - PLoS ONE

JF - PLoS ONE

IS - 11

M1 - 75362

ER -

Prevalence and Characteristics of Probable Major Depression and Bipolar Disorder within UK Biobank: Cross-Sectional Study of 172,751 Participants

Abstract

Keywords / Materials (for Non-textual outputs)

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Projects

Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology Phase 2.

RA2661 Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology Phase 2. Main Budget.

MRC Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology

Cite this