Abstract / Description of output
pH-rate profiles for aqueous-organic protodeboronation of 18 boronic acids, many widely viewed as unstable, have been studied by NMR and DFT. Rates were pH dependent, and varied substantially between the boronic acids, with rate maxima that varied over 6 orders of magnitude. A mechanistic model containing five general pathways (k1-k5) has been developed, and together with input of [B]total, KW, Ka and KaH, the protodeboronation kinetics can be correlated as a function of pH (1-13) for all 18 species. Cyclopropyl and vinyl boronic acids undergo very slow protodeboronation, as do 3- and 4-pyridyl boronic acids (t0.5 > 1 week, pH 12, 70 °C). In contrast, 2-pyridyl and 5-thiazolyl boronic acids undergo rapid protodeboronation (t0.5 ≈ 25-50 sec, pH 7, 70 °C), via fragmentation of zwitterionic intermediates. Lewis acid additives (e.g. Cu, Zn salts) can attenuate (2-pyridyl) or accelerate (5-thiazolyl, and 5-pyrazolyl) fragmentation. Two additional processes compete when the boronic acid and the boronate are present in sufficient proportions (pH = pKa ± 1.6): i) self- /auto-catalysis and ii) sequential disproportionations of boronic acid to borinic acid and borane.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 9145–9157 |
Number of pages | 13 |
Journal | Journal of the American Chemical Society |
Volume | 138 |
Issue number | 29 |
Early online date | 29 Jun 2016 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 27 Jul 2016 |
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GUY Lloyd-Jones
- School of Chemistry - Forbes Chair of Organic Chemistry
- EaStCHEM
Person: Academic: Research Active