@article{7af85f9bb8ba4984993b65d91c97084c,
title = "SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination rates in pregnant women in Scotland",
abstract = "Population-level data on COVID-19 vaccine uptake in pregnancy and SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes are lacking. We describe COVID-19 vaccine uptake and SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women in Scotland, using whole-population data from a national, prospective cohort. Between the start of a COVID-19 vaccine program in Scotland, on 8 December 2020 and 31 October 2021, 25,917 COVID-19 vaccinations were given to 18,457 pregnant women. Vaccine coverage was substantially lower in pregnant women than in the general female population of 18-44 years; 32.3% of women giving birth in October 2021 had two doses of vaccine compared to 77.4% in all women. The extended perinatal mortality rate for women who gave birth within 28 d of a COVID-19 diagnosis was 22.6 per 1,000 births (95% CI 12.9-38.5; pandemic background rate 5.6 per 1,000 births; 452 out of 80,456; 95% CI 5.1-6.2). Overall, 77.4% (3,833 out of 4,950; 95% CI 76.2-78.6) of SARS-CoV-2 infections, 90.9% (748 out of 823; 95% CI 88.7-92.7) of SARS-CoV-2 associated with hospital admission and 98% (102 out of 104; 95% CI 92.5-99.7) of SARS-CoV-2 associated with critical care admission, as well as all baby deaths, occurred in pregnant women who were unvaccinated at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis. Addressing low vaccine uptake rates in pregnant women is imperative to protect the health of women and babies in the ongoing pandemic.",
keywords = "COVID-19 Testing, COVID-19 Vaccines/therapeutic use, COVID-19/epidemiology, Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology, Pregnant Women, Prospective Studies, SARS-CoV-2, Vaccination",
author = "Stock, {Sarah J E} and Jade Carruthers and Clara Calvert and Cheryl Denny and Jack Donaghy and Anna Goulding and Hopcroft, {Lisa E M} and Leanne Hopkins and Terry McLaughlin and Jiafeng Pan and Ting Shi and Bob Taylor and Utkarsh Agrawal and Bonnie Auyeung and Katikireddi, {Srinivasa Vittal} and Colin McCowan and Josie Murray and Simpson, {Colin R} and Chris Robertson and Eleftheria Vasileiou and Aziz Sheikh and Rachael Wood",
note = "Funding Information: We thank the EAVE II Patient Advisory Group and Sands charity for their support. COPS is a sub-study of EAVE II, which is funded by the Medical Research Council (MR/R008345/1) with the support of BREATHE, the Health Data Research Hub for Respiratory Health (MC_PC_19004; A.S.), which is funded through the UK Research and Innovation Industrial Strategy Challenge Fund and delivered through Health Data Research UK. Additional support has been provided through Public Health Scotland and Scottish Government DG Health and Social Care and the Data and Connectivity National Core Study, led by Health Data Research UK in partnership with the Office for National Statistics and funded by UK Research and Innovation. COPS has received additional funding from Tommy{\textquoteright}s charity and support from Sands charity. S.J.S. is funded by a Wellcome Trust Clinical Career Development Fellowship (209560/Z/17/Z). S.V.K. acknowledges funding from an NRS Senior Clinical Fellowship (SCAF/15/02), the Medical Research Council (MC_UU_00022/2) and the Scottish Government Chief Scientist Office (SPHSU17). The funders had no role in the writing of the manuscript or the decision to submit it for publication. B.A. was supported by the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sk{\l}odowska-Curie grant agreement No. 813546, the Baily Thomas Charitable Fund TRUST/VC/AC/ SG/469207686, the Data Driven Innovation and the UK Economic and Social Research Council (ES/W001519/1) during the course of this work. Funding Information: A.S. and C.R. are members of the Scottish Government{\textquoteright}s COVID-19 Advisory Group. A.S. and C.R. are members of the New and Emerging Respiratory Virus Threats Advisory Group risk stratification subgroup. C.R. is a member of the Scientific Pandemic Influenza Group on Modeling. A.S. is a member of AstraZeneca{\textquoteright}s Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Advisory Group. All roles are unremunerated. R.W. and C.R. are employed by Public Health Scotland. S.J.S. has received research grants paid to the institution from Wellcome Trust, Scottish Chief Scientist Office, National Institute of Healthcare Research and Tommy{\textquoteright}s during the course of this study. The remaining authors declare no competing interests. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, The Author(s).",
year = "2022",
month = jan,
day = "13",
doi = "10.1038/s41591-021-01666-2",
language = "English",
volume = "28",
pages = "504--512",
journal = "Nature Medicine",
issn = "1078-8956",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "3",
}