TY - JOUR
T1 - Smoking, hypercholesterolaemia and hypertension as risk factors for cognitive impairment in older adults
AU - Okusaga, Olaoluwa
AU - Stewart, Marlene C W
AU - Butcher, Isabella
AU - Deary, Ian
AU - Fowkes, F Gerry R
AU - Price, Jackie F
PY - 2013/5
Y1 - 2013/5
N2 - BACKGROUND: the prevalence of all types of cognitive impairment, including dementia, is increasing but knowledge of aetiological factors is still evolving. OBJECTIVE: this study aimed to evaluate the association between cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive function in older persons.Design, setting and subjects: a population-based cohort design involving 2,312 men and women (aged 50-75) enrolled in the University of Edinburgh Aspirin for Asymptomatic Atherosclerosis trial. METHODS: cognitive tests included the Mill Hill Vocabulary Scale, auditory verbal learning test (AVLT), digit symbol test, verbal fluency test (VFT), Raven's Progressive Matrices and the trail making test. A 'g' score (measure of general intelligence) was computed for each subject. Regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between relevant variables. RESULTS: higher diastolic BP was negatively associated with AVLT (β = -0.153, P <0.01), and with an estimated decline on AVLT (β = -0.125, P <0.01). Smoking was negatively associated with all the cognitive variables except VFT. The total cholesterol level was not associated with cognitive function or estimated decline. CONCLUSIONS: smoking and elevated blood pressure may be risk factors for cognitive decline, and thus potential targets for preventive and therapeutic interventions.
AB - BACKGROUND: the prevalence of all types of cognitive impairment, including dementia, is increasing but knowledge of aetiological factors is still evolving. OBJECTIVE: this study aimed to evaluate the association between cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive function in older persons.Design, setting and subjects: a population-based cohort design involving 2,312 men and women (aged 50-75) enrolled in the University of Edinburgh Aspirin for Asymptomatic Atherosclerosis trial. METHODS: cognitive tests included the Mill Hill Vocabulary Scale, auditory verbal learning test (AVLT), digit symbol test, verbal fluency test (VFT), Raven's Progressive Matrices and the trail making test. A 'g' score (measure of general intelligence) was computed for each subject. Regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between relevant variables. RESULTS: higher diastolic BP was negatively associated with AVLT (β = -0.153, P <0.01), and with an estimated decline on AVLT (β = -0.125, P <0.01). Smoking was negatively associated with all the cognitive variables except VFT. The total cholesterol level was not associated with cognitive function or estimated decline. CONCLUSIONS: smoking and elevated blood pressure may be risk factors for cognitive decline, and thus potential targets for preventive and therapeutic interventions.
U2 - 10.1093/ageing/afs193
DO - 10.1093/ageing/afs193
M3 - Article
C2 - 23302603
SN - 1468-2834
VL - 42
SP - 306
EP - 311
JO - Age and Ageing
JF - Age and Ageing
IS - 3
ER -