State of the art paper: Cardiac computed tomography of the left atrium in atrial fibrillation

The clinical spectrum of atrial fibrillation means that a patient-individualised approach is required to ensure optimal treatment. Cardiac computed tomography can accurately delineate atrial structure and function and could contribute to a personalised care pathway for atrial fibrillation patients. The imaging modality offers excellent spatial resolution and has been utilised in pre-, peri- and post-procedural care for patients with atrial fibrillation. Advances in temporal resolution, acquisition times and analysis techniques suggest potential expanding roles for cardiac computed tomography in the future management of patients with atrial fibrillation. The aim of the current review is to discuss the use of cardiac computed tomography in atrial fibrillation in pre-, peri- and post-procedural settings. Potential future applications of cardiac computed tomography including atrial wall thickness assessment and epicardial fat volume quantification are discussed together with emerging analysis techniques including computational modelling and machine learning with attention paid to how these developments may contribute to a personalised approach to atrial fibrillation management.