The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe

Iñigo Olalde; Selina Brace; Morten E. Allentoft; Ian Armit; K. Uldall Kristiansen; Thomas Booth; Nadin Rohland; S. K. Mallick; A. Szécsényi-Nagy; Alissa Mittnik; E. Altena; Mark Lipson; Iosif Lazaridis; T.K. Harper; Nick Patterson; N. Broomandkhoshbacht; Y. Diekmann; Z. Faltyskova; D. N. Fernandes; Mike Ferry; Eadaoin Harney; Peter de Knijff; Martha Michel; J. Oppenheimer; Kristin Stewardson; A. Barclay; K.W. Alt; C. Liesau; P. Rios; Cristina Blasco Romera; J.V. Miguel; Miriam R Garcia; A.A. Fernandez; E. Banffy; M. Bernabo-Brea; D. Billoin; C. Bonsall; L. Bonsall; T. M. Allen; L. Buster; S. J. Carver; L.C. Navarro; O.E. Craig; G. T. Cook; B. Cunliffe; A. Denaire; K.E. Dinwiddy; N. Dodwell; M. Ernee; C. Evans; M. Kucharik; J.F. Farre; A. C. Fowler; M. Gazenbeek; R.G. Pena; M. Haber-Uriarte; E. Haduch; G. Hey; N. Jowett; T. D. Knowles; K. Massy; S. Pfrengle; Philippe Lefranc; O. Lemercier; A. Lefebvre-Schuhl; Carlos H Martinez; V.G. Olmo; A.B. Ramirez; J.L. Maurandi; T. Majo; J.I. McKinley; K. McSweeney; B.G. Mende; Alessandra Modi; G. Kulcsar; V. Kiss; A. Czene; R. Patay; A. Endrodi; K. Kohler; T. Hajdu; T. Szeniczey; J. Dani; Z. Bernert; M. Hoole; O. Cheronet; Denise Keating; P. Veleminsky; M. Dobe; F. Candilio; F. Brown; Ruben Fernandez-Santiago; A.-M. Herrero-Corral; Sebastiano Tusa; E. Carnieri; L. Lentini; A. Valenti; A. Zanini; Clive Waddington; G. Delibes; E. Guerra-Doce; Benjamin Neil; M. Brittain; G. M. Luke; R Mortimer; J. Desideri; M. Besse; G. Brucken; M. Furmanek; A. Hauszko; M. Mackiewicz; A. Rapinski; S. Leach; I. Soriano; K.T. Lillios; J.L. Cardoso; M.P. Pearson; P. Wodarczak; T Douglas Price; Pilar Prieto; P.-J. Rey; R. Risch; M.A.R. Guerra; A. Schmitt; J. Serralongue; Michael A Silva; V. Smrcka; L. Vergnaud; J. Zilhao; D. Caramelli; T. Higham; Mark G Thomas; D.J. Kennett; Harry Fokkens; V. Heyd; A. Sheridan; K.-G. Sjogren; P.W. Stockhammer; J. Krause; Ron Pinhasi; Wolfgang Haak; Ian Barnes; Carles Lalueza-Fox; D. Reich

doi:10.1038/nature25738

The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe

Iñigo Olalde, Selina Brace, Morten E. Allentoft, Ian Armit, K. Uldall Kristiansen, Thomas Booth, Nadin Rohland, S. K. Mallick, A. Szécsényi-Nagy, Alissa Mittnik, E. Altena, Mark Lipson, Iosif Lazaridis, T.K. Harper, Nick Patterson, N. Broomandkhoshbacht, Y. Diekmann, Z. Faltyskova, D. N. Fernandes, Mike FerryEadaoin Harney, Peter de Knijff, Martha Michel, J. Oppenheimer, Kristin Stewardson, A. Barclay, K.W. Alt, C. Liesau, P. Rios, Cristina Blasco Romera, J.V. Miguel, Miriam R Garcia, A.A. Fernandez, E. Banffy, M. Bernabo-Brea, D. Billoin, C. Bonsall, L. Bonsall, T. M. Allen, L. Buster, S. J. Carver, L.C. Navarro, O.E. Craig, G. T. Cook, B. Cunliffe, A. Denaire, K.E. Dinwiddy, N. Dodwell, M. Ernee, C. Evans, M. Kucharik, J.F. Farre, A. C. Fowler, M. Gazenbeek, R.G. Pena, M. Haber-Uriarte, E. Haduch, G. Hey, N. Jowett, T. D. Knowles, K. Massy, S. Pfrengle, Philippe Lefranc, O. Lemercier, A. Lefebvre-Schuhl, Carlos H Martinez, V.G. Olmo, A.B. Ramirez, J.L. Maurandi, T. Majo, J.I. McKinley, K. McSweeney, B.G. Mende, Alessandra Modi, G. Kulcsar, V. Kiss, A. Czene, R. Patay, A. Endrodi, K. Kohler, T. Hajdu, T. Szeniczey, J. Dani, Z. Bernert, M. Hoole, O. Cheronet, Denise Keating, P. Veleminsky, M. Dobe, F. Candilio, F. Brown, Ruben Fernandez-Santiago, A.-M. Herrero-Corral, Sebastiano Tusa, E. Carnieri, L. Lentini, A. Valenti, A. Zanini, Clive Waddington, G. Delibes, E. Guerra-Doce, Benjamin Neil, M. Brittain, G. M. Luke, R Mortimer, J. Desideri, M. Besse, G. Brucken, M. Furmanek, A. Hauszko, M. Mackiewicz, A. Rapinski, S. Leach, I. Soriano, K.T. Lillios, J.L. Cardoso, M.P. Pearson, P. Wodarczak, T Douglas Price, Pilar Prieto, P.-J. Rey, R. Risch, M.A.R. Guerra, A. Schmitt, J. Serralongue, Michael A Silva, V. Smrcka, L. Vergnaud, J. Zilhao, D. Caramelli, T. Higham, Mark G Thomas, D.J. Kennett, Harry Fokkens, V. Heyd, A. Sheridan, K.-G. Sjogren, P.W. Stockhammer, J. Krause, Ron Pinhasi, Wolfgang Haak, Ian Barnes, Carles Lalueza-Fox, D. Reich

School of History, Classics and Archaeology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

From around 2750 to 2500 bc, Bell Beaker pottery became widespread across western and central Europe, before it disappeared between 2200 and 1800 bc. The forces that propelled its expansion are a matter of long-standing debate, and there is support for both cultural diffusion and migration having a role in this process. Here we present genome-wide data from 400 Neolithic, Copper Age and Bronze Age Europeans, including 226 individuals associated with Beaker-complex artefacts. We detected limited genetic affinity between Beaker-complex-associated individuals from Iberia and central Europe, and thus exclude migration as an important mechanism of spread between these two regions. However, migration had a key role in the further dissemination of the Beaker complex. We document this phenomenon most clearly in Britain, where the spread of the Beaker complex introduced high levels of steppe-related ancestry and was associated with the replacement of approximately 90% of Britain's gene pool within a few hundred years, continuing the east-to-west expansion that had brought steppe-related ancestry into central and northern Europe over the previous centuries. © 2018 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. All rights reserved.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	190-196
Number of pages	7
Journal	Nature
Volume	555
Issue number	7695
Early online date	21 Feb 2018
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/nature25738
Publication status	Published - 8 Mar 2018

Keywords / Materials (for Non-textual outputs)

genomics
popular genetics

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10.1038/nature25738

OlaldeEtalN2018TheBeakerPhenomenonAccepted author manuscript, 1.95 MB

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Olalde, I., Brace, S., Allentoft, M. E., Armit, I., Kristiansen, K. U., Booth, T., Rohland, N., Mallick, S. K., Szécsényi-Nagy, A., Mittnik, A., Altena, E., Lipson, M., Lazaridis, I., Harper, T. K., Patterson, N., Broomandkhoshbacht, N., Diekmann, Y., Faltyskova, Z., Fernandes, D. N., ... Reich, D. (2018). The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe. Nature, 555(7695), 190-196. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature25738

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title = "The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe",

abstract = "From around 2750 to 2500 bc, Bell Beaker pottery became widespread across western and central Europe, before it disappeared between 2200 and 1800 bc. The forces that propelled its expansion are a matter of long-standing debate, and there is support for both cultural diffusion and migration having a role in this process. Here we present genome-wide data from 400 Neolithic, Copper Age and Bronze Age Europeans, including 226 individuals associated with Beaker-complex artefacts. We detected limited genetic affinity between Beaker-complex-associated individuals from Iberia and central Europe, and thus exclude migration as an important mechanism of spread between these two regions. However, migration had a key role in the further dissemination of the Beaker complex. We document this phenomenon most clearly in Britain, where the spread of the Beaker complex introduced high levels of steppe-related ancestry and was associated with the replacement of approximately 90% of Britain's gene pool within a few hundred years, continuing the east-to-west expansion that had brought steppe-related ancestry into central and northern Europe over the previous centuries. {\textcopyright} 2018 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. All rights reserved.",

keywords = "genomics, popular genetics",

author = "I{\~n}igo Olalde and Selina Brace and Allentoft, {Morten E.} and Ian Armit and Kristiansen, {K. Uldall} and Thomas Booth and Nadin Rohland and Mallick, {S. K.} and A. Sz{\'e}cs{\'e}nyi-Nagy and Alissa Mittnik and E. Altena and Mark Lipson and Iosif Lazaridis and T.K. Harper and Nick Patterson and N. Broomandkhoshbacht and Y. Diekmann and Z. Faltyskova and Fernandes, {D. N.} and Mike Ferry and Eadaoin Harney and {de Knijff}, Peter and Martha Michel and J. Oppenheimer and Kristin Stewardson and A. Barclay and K.W. Alt and C. Liesau and P. Rios and {Blasco Romera}, Cristina and J.V. Miguel and Garcia, {Miriam R} and A.A. Fernandez and E. Banffy and M. Bernabo-Brea and D. Billoin and C. Bonsall and L. Bonsall and Allen, {T. M.} and L. Buster and Carver, {S. J.} and L.C. Navarro and O.E. Craig and Cook, {G. T.} and B. Cunliffe and A. Denaire and K.E. Dinwiddy and N. Dodwell and M. Ernee and C. Evans and M. Kucharik and J.F. Farre and Fowler, {A. C.} and M. Gazenbeek and R.G. Pena and M. Haber-Uriarte and E. Haduch and G. Hey and N. Jowett and Knowles, {T. D.} and K. Massy and S. Pfrengle and Philippe Lefranc and O. Lemercier and A. Lefebvre-Schuhl and Martinez, {Carlos H} and V.G. Olmo and A.B. Ramirez and J.L. Maurandi and T. Majo and J.I. McKinley and K. McSweeney and B.G. Mende and Alessandra Modi and G. Kulcsar and V. Kiss and A. Czene and R. Patay and A. Endrodi and K. Kohler and T. Hajdu and T. Szeniczey and J. Dani and Z. Bernert and M. Hoole and O. Cheronet and Denise Keating and P. Veleminsky and M. Dobe and F. Candilio and F. Brown and Ruben Fernandez-Santiago and A.-M. Herrero-Corral and Sebastiano Tusa and E. Carnieri and L. Lentini and A. Valenti and A. Zanini and Clive Waddington and G. Delibes and E. Guerra-Doce and Benjamin Neil and M. Brittain and Luke, {G. M.} and R Mortimer and J. Desideri and M. Besse and G. Brucken and M. Furmanek and A. Hauszko and M. Mackiewicz and A. Rapinski and S. Leach and I. Soriano and K.T. Lillios and J.L. Cardoso and M.P. Pearson and P. Wodarczak and Price, {T Douglas} and Pilar Prieto and P.-J. Rey and R. Risch and M.A.R. Guerra and A. Schmitt and J. Serralongue and Silva, {Michael A} and V. Smrcka and L. Vergnaud and J. Zilhao and D. Caramelli and T. Higham and Thomas, {Mark G} and D.J. Kennett and Harry Fokkens and V. Heyd and A. Sheridan and K.-G. Sjogren and P.W. Stockhammer and J. Krause and Ron Pinhasi and Wolfgang Haak and Ian Barnes and Carles Lalueza-Fox and D. Reich",

year = "2018",

month = mar,

day = "8",

doi = "10.1038/nature25738",

language = "English",

volume = "555",

pages = "190--196",

journal = "Nature",

issn = "0028-0836",

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Olalde, I, Brace, S, Allentoft, ME, Armit, I, Kristiansen, KU, Booth, T, Rohland, N, Mallick, SK, Szécsényi-Nagy, A, Mittnik, A, Altena, E, Lipson, M, Lazaridis, I, Harper, TK, Patterson, N, Broomandkhoshbacht, N, Diekmann, Y, Faltyskova, Z, Fernandes, DN, Ferry, M, Harney, E, de Knijff, P, Michel, M, Oppenheimer, J, Stewardson, K, Barclay, A, Alt, KW, Liesau, C, Rios, P, Blasco Romera, C, Miguel, JV, Garcia, MR, Fernandez, AA, Banffy, E, Bernabo-Brea, M, Billoin, D, Bonsall, C, Bonsall, L, Allen, TM, Buster, L, Carver, SJ, Navarro, LC, Craig, OE, Cook, GT, Cunliffe, B, Denaire, A, Dinwiddy, KE, Dodwell, N, Ernee, M, Evans, C, Kucharik, M, Farre, JF, Fowler, AC, Gazenbeek, M, Pena, RG, Haber-Uriarte, M, Haduch, E, Hey, G, Jowett, N, Knowles, TD, Massy, K, Pfrengle, S, Lefranc, P, Lemercier, O, Lefebvre-Schuhl, A, Martinez, CH, Olmo, VG, Ramirez, AB, Maurandi, JL, Majo, T, McKinley, JI, McSweeney, K, Mende, BG, Modi, A, Kulcsar, G, Kiss, V, Czene, A, Patay, R, Endrodi, A, Kohler, K, Hajdu, T, Szeniczey, T, Dani, J, Bernert, Z, Hoole, M, Cheronet, O, Keating, D, Veleminsky, P, Dobe, M, Candilio, F, Brown, F, Fernandez-Santiago, R, Herrero-Corral, A-M, Tusa, S, Carnieri, E, Lentini, L, Valenti, A, Zanini, A, Waddington, C, Delibes, G, Guerra-Doce, E, Neil, B, Brittain, M, Luke, GM, Mortimer, R, Desideri, J, Besse, M, Brucken, G, Furmanek, M, Hauszko, A, Mackiewicz, M, Rapinski, A, Leach, S, Soriano, I, Lillios, KT, Cardoso, JL, Pearson, MP, Wodarczak, P, Price, TD, Prieto, P, Rey, P-J, Risch, R, Guerra, MAR, Schmitt, A, Serralongue, J, Silva, MA, Smrcka, V, Vergnaud, L, Zilhao, J, Caramelli, D, Higham, T, Thomas, MG, Kennett, DJ, Fokkens, H, Heyd, V, Sheridan, A, Sjogren, K-G, Stockhammer, PW, Krause, J, Pinhasi, R, Haak, W, Barnes, I, Lalueza-Fox, C & Reich, D 2018, 'The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe', Nature, vol. 555, no. 7695, pp. 190-196. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature25738

TY - JOUR

T1 - The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe

AU - Olalde, Iñigo

AU - Brace, Selina

AU - Allentoft, Morten E.

AU - Armit, Ian

AU - Kristiansen, K. Uldall

AU - Booth, Thomas

AU - Rohland, Nadin

AU - Mallick, S. K.

AU - Szécsényi-Nagy, A.

AU - Mittnik, Alissa

AU - Altena, E.

AU - Lipson, Mark

AU - Lazaridis, Iosif

AU - Harper, T.K.

AU - Patterson, Nick

AU - Broomandkhoshbacht, N.

AU - Diekmann, Y.

AU - Faltyskova, Z.

AU - Fernandes, D. N.

AU - Ferry, Mike

AU - Harney, Eadaoin

AU - de Knijff, Peter

AU - Michel, Martha

AU - Oppenheimer, J.

AU - Stewardson, Kristin

AU - Barclay, A.

AU - Alt, K.W.

AU - Liesau, C.

AU - Rios, P.

AU - Blasco Romera, Cristina

AU - Miguel, J.V.

AU - Garcia, Miriam R

AU - Fernandez, A.A.

AU - Banffy, E.

AU - Bernabo-Brea, M.

AU - Billoin, D.

AU - Bonsall, C.

AU - Bonsall, L.

AU - Allen, T. M.

AU - Buster, L.

AU - Carver, S. J.

AU - Navarro, L.C.

AU - Craig, O.E.

AU - Cook, G. T.

AU - Cunliffe, B.

AU - Denaire, A.

AU - Dinwiddy, K.E.

AU - Dodwell, N.

AU - Ernee, M.

AU - Evans, C.

AU - Kucharik, M.

AU - Farre, J.F.

AU - Fowler, A. C.

AU - Gazenbeek, M.

AU - Pena, R.G.

AU - Haber-Uriarte, M.

AU - Haduch, E.

AU - Hey, G.

AU - Jowett, N.

AU - Knowles, T. D.

AU - Massy, K.

AU - Pfrengle, S.

AU - Lefranc, Philippe

AU - Lemercier, O.

AU - Lefebvre-Schuhl, A.

AU - Martinez, Carlos H

AU - Olmo, V.G.

AU - Ramirez, A.B.

AU - Maurandi, J.L.

AU - Majo, T.

AU - McKinley, J.I.

AU - McSweeney, K.

AU - Mende, B.G.

AU - Modi, Alessandra

AU - Kulcsar, G.

AU - Kiss, V.

AU - Czene, A.

AU - Patay, R.

AU - Endrodi, A.

AU - Kohler, K.

AU - Hajdu, T.

AU - Szeniczey, T.

AU - Dani, J.

AU - Bernert, Z.

AU - Hoole, M.

AU - Cheronet, O.

AU - Keating, Denise

AU - Veleminsky, P.

AU - Dobe, M.

AU - Candilio, F.

AU - Brown, F.

AU - Fernandez-Santiago, Ruben

AU - Herrero-Corral, A.-M.

AU - Tusa, Sebastiano

AU - Carnieri, E.

AU - Lentini, L.

AU - Valenti, A.

AU - Zanini, A.

AU - Waddington, Clive

AU - Delibes, G.

AU - Guerra-Doce, E.

AU - Neil, Benjamin

AU - Brittain, M.

AU - Luke, G. M.

AU - Mortimer, R

AU - Desideri, J.

AU - Besse, M.

AU - Brucken, G.

AU - Furmanek, M.

AU - Hauszko, A.

AU - Mackiewicz, M.

AU - Rapinski, A.

AU - Leach, S.

AU - Soriano, I.

AU - Lillios, K.T.

AU - Cardoso, J.L.

AU - Pearson, M.P.

AU - Wodarczak, P.

AU - Price, T Douglas

AU - Prieto, Pilar

AU - Rey, P.-J.

AU - Risch, R.

AU - Guerra, M.A.R.

AU - Schmitt, A.

AU - Serralongue, J.

AU - Silva, Michael A

AU - Smrcka, V.

AU - Vergnaud, L.

AU - Zilhao, J.

AU - Caramelli, D.

AU - Higham, T.

AU - Thomas, Mark G

AU - Kennett, D.J.

AU - Fokkens, Harry

AU - Heyd, V.

AU - Sheridan, A.

AU - Sjogren, K.-G.

AU - Stockhammer, P.W.

AU - Krause, J.

AU - Pinhasi, Ron

AU - Haak, Wolfgang

AU - Barnes, Ian

AU - Lalueza-Fox, Carles

AU - Reich, D.

PY - 2018/3/8

Y1 - 2018/3/8

N2 - From around 2750 to 2500 bc, Bell Beaker pottery became widespread across western and central Europe, before it disappeared between 2200 and 1800 bc. The forces that propelled its expansion are a matter of long-standing debate, and there is support for both cultural diffusion and migration having a role in this process. Here we present genome-wide data from 400 Neolithic, Copper Age and Bronze Age Europeans, including 226 individuals associated with Beaker-complex artefacts. We detected limited genetic affinity between Beaker-complex-associated individuals from Iberia and central Europe, and thus exclude migration as an important mechanism of spread between these two regions. However, migration had a key role in the further dissemination of the Beaker complex. We document this phenomenon most clearly in Britain, where the spread of the Beaker complex introduced high levels of steppe-related ancestry and was associated with the replacement of approximately 90% of Britain's gene pool within a few hundred years, continuing the east-to-west expansion that had brought steppe-related ancestry into central and northern Europe over the previous centuries. © 2018 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. All rights reserved.

AB - From around 2750 to 2500 bc, Bell Beaker pottery became widespread across western and central Europe, before it disappeared between 2200 and 1800 bc. The forces that propelled its expansion are a matter of long-standing debate, and there is support for both cultural diffusion and migration having a role in this process. Here we present genome-wide data from 400 Neolithic, Copper Age and Bronze Age Europeans, including 226 individuals associated with Beaker-complex artefacts. We detected limited genetic affinity between Beaker-complex-associated individuals from Iberia and central Europe, and thus exclude migration as an important mechanism of spread between these two regions. However, migration had a key role in the further dissemination of the Beaker complex. We document this phenomenon most clearly in Britain, where the spread of the Beaker complex introduced high levels of steppe-related ancestry and was associated with the replacement of approximately 90% of Britain's gene pool within a few hundred years, continuing the east-to-west expansion that had brought steppe-related ancestry into central and northern Europe over the previous centuries. © 2018 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. All rights reserved.

KW - genomics

KW - popular genetics

UR - https://www.nature.com/articles/nature26164

U2 - 10.1038/nature25738

DO - 10.1038/nature25738

M3 - Article

SN - 0028-0836

VL - 555

SP - 190

EP - 196

JO - Nature

JF - Nature

IS - 7695

ER -

The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe

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