The role of microRNAs in herpesvirus latency and persistence

A fundamental aspect of herpesviruses is their ability to establish a life long latent infection within the host. Current research would suggest that small regulatory RNAs called microRNAs play a central role in all three aspects of virus latency and persistence. In this review we will discuss the role of miRNAs in virus persistence and latency, specifically focusing on herpesviruses. We will cover the current knowledge on the role of miRNAs in establishing and maintaining virus latency and promoting survival of infected cells through targeting of both viral and cellular transcripts, highlighting key publications in the field. We will also discuss potential areas of future research and how novel technologies may aid in determining how miRNAs shape virus latency in the context of herpesvirus infections.