The Status and Risk Factors of Brucellosis in Smallholder Dairy Cattle in Selected Regions of Tanzania

Isaac Joseph  Mengele; Gabriel Mkilema  Shirima; Shedrack Festo  Bwatota; Shabani Kiyabo  Motto; Mark Bronsvoort; Daniel Mushumbusi  Komwihangilo; Eliamoni  Lyatuu; Elizabeth Anne Jessie Cook; Luis Hernandez Castro

doi:10.3390/vetsci10020155

The Status and Risk Factors of Brucellosis in Smallholder Dairy Cattle in Selected Regions of Tanzania

Isaac Joseph Mengele , Gabriel Mkilema Shirima, Shedrack Festo Bwatota, Shabani Kiyabo Motto, Mark Bronsvoort, Daniel Mushumbusi Komwihangilo , Eliamoni Lyatuu , Elizabeth Anne Jessie Cook, Luis Hernandez Castro

Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Bovine brucellosis is a bacterial zoonoses caused by Brucella abortus. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine brucellosis seroprevalence and risk factors among smallholder dairy cattle across six regions in Tanzania. We sampled 2048 dairy cattle on 1374 farms between July 2019 and October 2020. Sera were tested for the presence of anti-Brucella antibodies using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Seroprevalence was calculated at different
administrative scales, and spatial tests were used to detect disease hotspots. A generalized mixed effects regression model was built to explore the relationships among Brucella serostatus, animals, and farm management factors. Seroprevalence was 2.39% (49/2048 cattle, 95% CI 1.7–3.1) across the study area and the Njombe Region represented the highest percentage with 15.5% (95% CI 11.0–22.0). Moreover, hotspots were detected in the Njombe and Kilimanjaro Regions. Mixed-effects models showed that having goats (OR 3.02, 95% C 1.22–7.46) and abortion history (OR 4.91, 95% CI 1.43–16.9) were significant risk factors for brucellosis. Education of dairy farmers regarding the clinical signs,
transmission routes, and control measures for brucellosis is advised. A One Health approach is required to study the role of small ruminants in cattle brucellosis and the status of brucellosis in dairy farmers in the Njombe and Kilimanjaro Regions.

Original language	English
Article number	155
Pages (from-to)	1-15
Number of pages	14
Journal	Veterinary Sciences
Volume	10
Issue number	2
Early online date	14 Feb 2023
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10020155
Publication status	Published - 14 Feb 2023

Keywords

brucellosis
dairy cattle
cELISA
seroprevalence
risk factors
control

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CTLGH: A global shared data biological sample resource to support productivity improvement for tropical livestock
Freeman, P., Bronsvoort, M., Clark, E., Connelley, T., Hassan, M., McGrew, M., Morrison, L., Prendergast, J., Robert, C., Smith, J., Sparks, N., Watson, M. & Whitelaw, B.
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title = "The Status and Risk Factors of Brucellosis in Smallholder Dairy Cattle in Selected Regions of Tanzania",

abstract = "Bovine brucellosis is a bacterial zoonoses caused by Brucella abortus. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine brucellosis seroprevalence and risk factors among smallholder dairy cattle across six regions in Tanzania. We sampled 2048 dairy cattle on 1374 farms between July 2019 and October 2020. Sera were tested for the presence of anti-Brucella antibodies using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Seroprevalence was calculated at differentadministrative scales, and spatial tests were used to detect disease hotspots. A generalized mixed effects regression model was built to explore the relationships among Brucella serostatus, animals, and farm management factors. Seroprevalence was 2.39% (49/2048 cattle, 95% CI 1.7–3.1) across the study area and the Njombe Region represented the highest percentage with 15.5% (95% CI 11.0–22.0). Moreover, hotspots were detected in the Njombe and Kilimanjaro Regions. Mixed-effects models showed that having goats (OR 3.02, 95% C 1.22–7.46) and abortion history (OR 4.91, 95% CI 1.43–16.9) were significant risk factors for brucellosis. Education of dairy farmers regarding the clinical signs,transmission routes, and control measures for brucellosis is advised. A One Health approach is required to study the role of small ruminants in cattle brucellosis and the status of brucellosis in dairy farmers in the Njombe and Kilimanjaro Regions.",

keywords = "brucellosis, dairy cattle, cELISA, seroprevalence, risk factors, control",

author = "Mengele, {Isaac Joseph} and Shirima, {Gabriel Mkilema} and Bwatota, {Shedrack Festo} and Motto, {Shabani Kiyabo} and Mark Bronsvoort and Komwihangilo, {Daniel Mushumbusi} and Eliamoni Lyatuu and Cook, {Elizabeth Anne Jessie} and {Hernandez Castro}, Luis",

note = "Funding Information: This study was conducted as part of the CGIAR Research Program on Livestock. ILRI is supported by contributors to the CGIAR Trust Fund. CGIAR is a global research partnership for a food-secure future. Its science is carried out by 15 Research Centres in close collaboration with hundreds of partners across the globe (www.cgiar.org, accessed on 10 December 2018). This research was funded in part by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and with UK aid from the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (Grant Agreement OPP1127286) under the auspices of the Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health (CTLGH), established jointly by the University of Edinburgh, SRUC (Scotland{\textquoteright}s Rural College), and the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI). This work was also supported by funding from the BBSRC (BBS/E/D/30002275). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Funding Information: B.M.d.C.B.: E.A.J.C., I.J.M., S.F.B., S.K.M. and L.H.C were supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and by a UK aid from the UK Foreign, Commonwealth, and Development Office (Grant Agreement OPP1127286) under the auspices of the Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health established jointly by the University of Edinburgh, Scotland{\textquoteright}s Rural College, and the ILRI. Tanzania Livestock Research Institute (TALIRI) and the Local Government Authorities offices are recognized for their support. Thank you to the participants for their time. For the purpose of open access, the author has applied a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 by the authors.",

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T1 - The Status and Risk Factors of Brucellosis in Smallholder Dairy Cattle in Selected Regions of Tanzania

AU - Mengele , Isaac Joseph

AU - Shirima, Gabriel Mkilema

AU - Bwatota, Shedrack Festo

AU - Motto, Shabani Kiyabo

AU - Bronsvoort, Mark

AU - Komwihangilo , Daniel Mushumbusi

AU - Lyatuu , Eliamoni

AU - Cook, Elizabeth Anne Jessie

AU - Hernandez Castro, Luis

N1 - Funding Information: This study was conducted as part of the CGIAR Research Program on Livestock. ILRI is supported by contributors to the CGIAR Trust Fund. CGIAR is a global research partnership for a food-secure future. Its science is carried out by 15 Research Centres in close collaboration with hundreds of partners across the globe (www.cgiar.org, accessed on 10 December 2018). This research was funded in part by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and with UK aid from the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (Grant Agreement OPP1127286) under the auspices of the Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health (CTLGH), established jointly by the University of Edinburgh, SRUC (Scotland’s Rural College), and the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI). This work was also supported by funding from the BBSRC (BBS/E/D/30002275). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Funding Information: B.M.d.C.B.: E.A.J.C., I.J.M., S.F.B., S.K.M. and L.H.C were supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and by a UK aid from the UK Foreign, Commonwealth, and Development Office (Grant Agreement OPP1127286) under the auspices of the Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health established jointly by the University of Edinburgh, Scotland’s Rural College, and the ILRI. Tanzania Livestock Research Institute (TALIRI) and the Local Government Authorities offices are recognized for their support. Thank you to the participants for their time. For the purpose of open access, the author has applied a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors.

PY - 2023/2/14

Y1 - 2023/2/14

N2 - Bovine brucellosis is a bacterial zoonoses caused by Brucella abortus. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine brucellosis seroprevalence and risk factors among smallholder dairy cattle across six regions in Tanzania. We sampled 2048 dairy cattle on 1374 farms between July 2019 and October 2020. Sera were tested for the presence of anti-Brucella antibodies using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Seroprevalence was calculated at differentadministrative scales, and spatial tests were used to detect disease hotspots. A generalized mixed effects regression model was built to explore the relationships among Brucella serostatus, animals, and farm management factors. Seroprevalence was 2.39% (49/2048 cattle, 95% CI 1.7–3.1) across the study area and the Njombe Region represented the highest percentage with 15.5% (95% CI 11.0–22.0). Moreover, hotspots were detected in the Njombe and Kilimanjaro Regions. Mixed-effects models showed that having goats (OR 3.02, 95% C 1.22–7.46) and abortion history (OR 4.91, 95% CI 1.43–16.9) were significant risk factors for brucellosis. Education of dairy farmers regarding the clinical signs,transmission routes, and control measures for brucellosis is advised. A One Health approach is required to study the role of small ruminants in cattle brucellosis and the status of brucellosis in dairy farmers in the Njombe and Kilimanjaro Regions.

AB - Bovine brucellosis is a bacterial zoonoses caused by Brucella abortus. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine brucellosis seroprevalence and risk factors among smallholder dairy cattle across six regions in Tanzania. We sampled 2048 dairy cattle on 1374 farms between July 2019 and October 2020. Sera were tested for the presence of anti-Brucella antibodies using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Seroprevalence was calculated at differentadministrative scales, and spatial tests were used to detect disease hotspots. A generalized mixed effects regression model was built to explore the relationships among Brucella serostatus, animals, and farm management factors. Seroprevalence was 2.39% (49/2048 cattle, 95% CI 1.7–3.1) across the study area and the Njombe Region represented the highest percentage with 15.5% (95% CI 11.0–22.0). Moreover, hotspots were detected in the Njombe and Kilimanjaro Regions. Mixed-effects models showed that having goats (OR 3.02, 95% C 1.22–7.46) and abortion history (OR 4.91, 95% CI 1.43–16.9) were significant risk factors for brucellosis. Education of dairy farmers regarding the clinical signs,transmission routes, and control measures for brucellosis is advised. A One Health approach is required to study the role of small ruminants in cattle brucellosis and the status of brucellosis in dairy farmers in the Njombe and Kilimanjaro Regions.

KW - brucellosis

KW - dairy cattle

KW - cELISA

KW - seroprevalence

KW - risk factors

KW - control

U2 - 10.3390/vetsci10020155

DO - 10.3390/vetsci10020155

M3 - Article

C2 - 36851460

VL - 10

SP - 1

EP - 15

JO - Veterinary Sciences

JF - Veterinary Sciences

SN - 2306-7381

IS - 2

M1 - 155

ER -

The Status and Risk Factors of Brucellosis in Smallholder Dairy Cattle in Selected Regions of Tanzania

Abstract

Keywords

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CTLGH: A global shared data biological sample resource to support productivity improvement for tropical livestock

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