TY - JOUR
T1 - The systematics and evolution of the Sri Lankan rainforest land snail Corilla
T2 - New insights from RADseq-based phylogenetics
AU - Raheem, Dinarzarde C.
AU - Gower, David J.
AU - Breugelmans, Karin
AU - Ranawana, Kithsiri B.
AU - Backeljau, Thierry
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was funded by the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS) and a Post-doctoral Research Fellowship awarded to DCR by the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO) and the Marie Curie Actions of the European Commission (FP7-PEOPLECOFUND-2008). The work was done in the context of the FWO research community W0.009.11 N ‘Belgian network for DNA barcoding’ and with support from the ‘Joint Experimental Molecular Unit’ (JEMU) at RBINS. Additional funding was provided by the British Ecological Society, the Malacological Society of London, the NHM and Synthesys BE-TAF. The study is based on extensive field surveys and collections-based study and analysis, which were made possible through permits issued by the Forest Department and Department of Wildlife Conservation (DWLC), Government of Sri Lanka. The reference nos for relevant survey/collection permits are as follows: FRC/1, FRC/2, FRC/3, FRC/4, Ad.CF/FRC/4, FRC/5 and FRC/6 from the Forest Department; and WLC/RT/RE and WL/3/2/1/4 from the DWLC. The relevant export permits issued by the DWLC are nos 10778, 11160, 11677 and 11877. Much of the fieldwork was done during the course of a collaborative Darwin Initiative Project. The DI project was led by F. Naggs and involved the NHM and two Sri Lankan institutions, the Department of National Museums (DNM), Colombo and the University of Peradeniya. We would like to thank Y. Mapatuna, Director of the DNM during the Darwin Project, for her wholehearted support; L. Kariyawasam, the curator then in charge of the DNM’s mollusc collections, who played a key role in running the project; and R. Pethiyagoda for his role in making the project a success. Among the present staff of the DNM, we are grateful to L. Somaratne for arranging access to the collections and to T. Dasanayake, T. Gamage, C. Munasinghe and M. De Silva for their assistance with the curation and registration of material. At RBINS, C. De Busschere, S. Derycke, S. Gomber, F. Hendrickx, M. Quinzin, G. Sonet and C. Vangestel helped with RADseq library preparation, data processing and/or analyses; O. Razkin gave support with RADseq data processing; and Y. Barette provided expertise on software and IT-related issues. At the NHM, P. Forster, J. Streicher and M. Wilkinson gave valuable feedback on the analyses and H. Taylor provided high-quality images. Our thanks also to D. San Mauro for assistance with the ancestral state reconstructions. DCR thanks D. Abeyewardene and the late A. Abeyewardene for generously supporting her in the UK. We would also like to thank the following people: L. W. Perera, H.W.V. Pushpamal, S. Wickramanayake, A. Palihawadana, G. Weerakoon, N. Perera, M.J.B. Green, L.B. Karunaratne, the late S.U. Deraniyagala and the late E. de Silva.
Funding Information:
This study was funded by the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS) and a Post-doctoral Research Fellowship awarded to DCR by the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO) and the Marie Curie Actions of the European Commission (FP7-PEOPLECOFUND-2008). The work was done in the context of the FWO research community W0.009.11 N ‘Belgian network for DNA barcoding’ and with support from the ‘Joint Experimental Molecular Unit’ (JEMU) at RBINS. Additional funding was provided by the British Ecological Society, the Malacological Society of London, the NHM and Synthesys BE-TAF. The study is based on extensive field surveys and collections-based study and analysis, which were made possible through permits issued by the Forest Department and Department of Wildlife Conservation (DWLC), Government of Sri Lanka. The reference nos for relevant survey/collection permits are as follows: FRC/1, FRC/2, FRC/3, FRC/4, Ad.CF/FRC/4, FRC/5 and FRC/6 from the Forest Department; and WLC/RT/RE and WL/3/2/1/4 from the DWLC. The relevant export permits issued by the DWLC are nos 10778, 11160, 11677 and 11877. Much of the fieldwork was done during the course of a collaborative Darwin Initiative Project. The DI project was led by F. Naggs and involved the NHM and two Sri Lankan institutions, the Department of National Museums (DNM), Colombo and the University of Peradeniya. We would like to thank Y. Mapatuna, Director of the DNM during the Darwin Project, for her wholehearted support; L. Kariyawasam, the curator then in charge of the DNM's mollusc collections, who played a key role in running the project; and R. Pethiyagoda for his role in making the project a success. Among the present staff of the DNM, we are grateful to L. Somaratne for arranging access to the collections and to T. Dasanayake, T. Gamage, C. Munasinghe and M. De Silva for their assistance with the curation and registration of material. At RBINS, C. De Busschere, S. Derycke, S. Gomber, F. Hendrickx, M. Quinzin, G. Sonet and C. Vangestel helped with RADseq library preparation, data processing and/or analyses; O. Razkin gave support with RADseq data processing; and Y. Barette provided expertise on software and IT-related issues. At the NHM, P. Forster, J. Streicher and M. Wilkinson gave valuable feedback on the analyses and H. Taylor provided high-quality images. Our thanks also to D. San Mauro for assistance with the ancestral state reconstructions. DCR thanks D. Abeyewardene and the late A. Abeyewardene for generously supporting her in the UK. We would also like to thank the following people: L. W. Perera, H.W.V. Pushpamal, S. Wickramanayake, A. Palihawadana, G. Weerakoon, N. Perera, M.J.B. Green, L.B. Karunaratne, the late S.U. Deraniyagala and the late E. de Silva.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 Elsevier Inc.
PY - 2023/3/2
Y1 - 2023/3/2
N2 - The stylommatophoran land-snail genus Corilla is endemic to Sri Lanka and India’s Western Ghats. On the basis of habitat distribution and shell morphology, the 10 extant Sri Lankan species fall into two distinct groups, lowland and montane. Here, we use phylogenetic analyses of restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) data and ancestral-state reconstructions of habitat association and shell morphology to clarify the systematics and evolution of Sri Lankan Corilla. Our dataset consists of 9 species of Corilla. Phylogenetic analyses were based on 88 assemblies (9,604–4,132,850 bp) generated by the RADseq assembler ipyrad, using four parameter combinations and different levels of missing data. Trees were inferred using a maximum likelihood (ML) approach. Ancestral states were reconstructed using maximum parsimony (MP) and ML approaches, with 1 binary state character analysed for habitat association (lowland vs montane) and 6 binary state characters analysed for shell morphology (shape, colour, lip width, length of upper palatal folds, orientation of upper palatal folds and collabral sculpture). Over a wide range of missing data (40–87 % missing individuals per locus) and assembly sizes (62,279–4,132,850 bp), nearly all trees conformed to one of two topologies (A and B), most relationships were strongly supported and total branch support approached the maximal value. Apart from the position of Corilla odontophora ‘south’, topologies A and B showed similar, well-resolved relationships at and above the species level. Our study agrees with the shell-based taxonomy of C. adamsi, C. beddomeae, C. carabinata, C. colletti and C. humberti (all maximally supported as monophyletic species). It shows that C. erronea and C. fryae constitute a single relatively widespread species (for which the valid name is C. erronea) and that the names C. gudei and C. odontophora each apply to at least two distinct, yet conchologically-cryptic species. The MP and ML ancestral-state reconstructions yielded broadly similar results and provide firm evidence that diversification in Sri Lankan Corilla has involved evolutionary convergence in the shell morphology of lowland lineages, with a pale shell and wide lip having evolved on at least two separate occasions (in C. carabinata and C. colletti) from montane ancestors having a dark, narrow-lipped shell.
AB - The stylommatophoran land-snail genus Corilla is endemic to Sri Lanka and India’s Western Ghats. On the basis of habitat distribution and shell morphology, the 10 extant Sri Lankan species fall into two distinct groups, lowland and montane. Here, we use phylogenetic analyses of restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) data and ancestral-state reconstructions of habitat association and shell morphology to clarify the systematics and evolution of Sri Lankan Corilla. Our dataset consists of 9 species of Corilla. Phylogenetic analyses were based on 88 assemblies (9,604–4,132,850 bp) generated by the RADseq assembler ipyrad, using four parameter combinations and different levels of missing data. Trees were inferred using a maximum likelihood (ML) approach. Ancestral states were reconstructed using maximum parsimony (MP) and ML approaches, with 1 binary state character analysed for habitat association (lowland vs montane) and 6 binary state characters analysed for shell morphology (shape, colour, lip width, length of upper palatal folds, orientation of upper palatal folds and collabral sculpture). Over a wide range of missing data (40–87 % missing individuals per locus) and assembly sizes (62,279–4,132,850 bp), nearly all trees conformed to one of two topologies (A and B), most relationships were strongly supported and total branch support approached the maximal value. Apart from the position of Corilla odontophora ‘south’, topologies A and B showed similar, well-resolved relationships at and above the species level. Our study agrees with the shell-based taxonomy of C. adamsi, C. beddomeae, C. carabinata, C. colletti and C. humberti (all maximally supported as monophyletic species). It shows that C. erronea and C. fryae constitute a single relatively widespread species (for which the valid name is C. erronea) and that the names C. gudei and C. odontophora each apply to at least two distinct, yet conchologically-cryptic species. The MP and ML ancestral-state reconstructions yielded broadly similar results and provide firm evidence that diversification in Sri Lankan Corilla has involved evolutionary convergence in the shell morphology of lowland lineages, with a pale shell and wide lip having evolved on at least two separate occasions (in C. carabinata and C. colletti) from montane ancestors having a dark, narrow-lipped shell.
KW - corilla
KW - land snail
KW - RADseq
KW - phylogeny
KW - rainforest
KW - Sri Lanka
KW - stylommatophora
U2 - 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107731
DO - 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107731
M3 - Article
SN - 1055-7903
VL - 182
JO - Molecular phylogenetics and evolution
JF - Molecular phylogenetics and evolution
M1 - 107731
ER -