TY - JOUR
T1 - Thermal, mechanical and electrical stimuli in antinociceptive studies in standing horses
T2 - an update
AU - Gozalo-Marcilla, Miguel
AU - Luna, Stelio Pacca Loureiro
AU - Gasthuys, Frank
AU - Schauvliege, Stijn
N1 - Copyright © 2019 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
PY - 2019/10/13
Y1 - 2019/10/13
N2 - OBJECTIVE: To perform a literature review of the thermal and mechanical antinociceptive devices used in pharmacological studies in standing horses published after 2011 (2012-2019). To complete a full literature review about electrical stimulation used for evaluation in similar studies.DATABASES USED: PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science.CONCLUSIONS: A high level of standardization has been reached in antinociceptive studies in standing horses using thermal and mechanical stimuli in most recent years. Commercially available testing devices to deliver thermal, mechanical and electrical stimuli, with observation of aversive responses to these stimuli, are reliable, sensitive and specific. For electrical stimulus testing, there is evidence that the resistance between the electrodes should be measured and should not exceed 3 kΩ to guarantee consistent and reproducible stimuli. The specific analysis of electromyographic activity after an electrical stimulus provides more detailed information about the neurons stimulated.
AB - OBJECTIVE: To perform a literature review of the thermal and mechanical antinociceptive devices used in pharmacological studies in standing horses published after 2011 (2012-2019). To complete a full literature review about electrical stimulation used for evaluation in similar studies.DATABASES USED: PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science.CONCLUSIONS: A high level of standardization has been reached in antinociceptive studies in standing horses using thermal and mechanical stimuli in most recent years. Commercially available testing devices to deliver thermal, mechanical and electrical stimuli, with observation of aversive responses to these stimuli, are reliable, sensitive and specific. For electrical stimulus testing, there is evidence that the resistance between the electrodes should be measured and should not exceed 3 kΩ to guarantee consistent and reproducible stimuli. The specific analysis of electromyographic activity after an electrical stimulus provides more detailed information about the neurons stimulated.
U2 - 10.1016/j.vaa.2019.09.003
DO - 10.1016/j.vaa.2019.09.003
M3 - Review article
C2 - 31813668
SN - 1467-2987
JO - Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia
JF - Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia
ER -