Topological magnon gap engineering in van der Waals CrI3 ferromagnets

The microscopic origin of the topological magnon band gap in CrI3 ferromagnets has been a subject of controversy for years since two main models with distinct characteristics, i.e., Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) and Kitaev, provided possible explanations with different outcome implications. Here, we investigate the angular magnetic field dependence of the magnon gap of CrI3 by elucidating what main contributions play a major role in its generation. We implement stochastic atomistic spin-dynamics simulations to compare the impact of these two spin interactions on the magnon spectra. We observe three distinct magnetic field dependencies between these two gap opening mechanisms. First, we demonstrate that the Kitaev-induced magnon gap is influenced by both the direction and amplitude of the applied magnetic field, while the DM-induced gap is solely affected by the magnetic field direction. Second, the position of the Dirac cones within the Kitaev-induced magnon gap shifts in response to changes in the magnetic field direction, whereas they remain unaffected by the magnetic field direction in the DM-induced gap scenario. Third, we find a direct-indirect magnon band gap transition in the Kitaev model by varying the applied magnetic field direction. These differences may distinguish the origin of topological magnon gaps in CrI3 and other van der Waals magnetic layers. Our findings pave the way for exploration and engineering topological gaps in van der Waals materials.