TY - JOUR
T1 - Towards a global One Health index: a potential assessment tool for One Health performance
AU - Zhang, Xiao‑Xi
AU - Liu, Jing‑Shu
AU - Han, Le‑Fei
AU - Xia, Shang
AU - Li, Shi‑Zhu
AU - Li, Odel Y.
AU - Kassegne, Kokouvi
AU - Li, Min
AU - Yin, Kun
AU - Hu, Qin‑Qin
AU - Xiu, Le‑Shan
AU - Zhu, Yong‑Zhang
AU - Huang, Liang‑Yu
AU - Wang, Xiang-Cheng
AU - Zhang, Yi
AU - Zhao, Han‑Qing
AU - Yin, Jing‑Xian
AU - Jiang, Tian‑Ge
AU - Li, Qin
AU - Fei, Si‑Wei
AU - Gu, Si‑Yu
AU - Chen, Fu‑Min
AU - Zhou, Nan
AU - Cheng, Zi‑Le
AU - Xie, Yi
AU - Li, Hui‑Min
AU - Chen, Jin
AU - Guo, Zhao‑Yu
AU - Feng, Jia‑Xin
AU - Ai, Lin
AU - Xue, Jing‑Bo
AU - Ye, Qian
AU - Grant, Liz
AU - Song, Jun‑Xia
AU - Simm, Geoff
AU - Utzinger, Jürg
AU - Guo, Xiao-Kui
AU - Zhou, Xiao‑Nong
N1 - Funding Information:
We specially give thanks to experts from World Health Organization, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, The World Bank, World Meteorological Organization and universities and institutions, involved in the interview for comments and suggestion.
Funding Information:
In response to the 2002–2004 outbreak of SARS and H5N1 avian influenza, which generated global attention, the World Wildlife Conservation Association officially proposed the concept of One Health and released the Manhattan Twelve Principles encapsulating this approach []. In 2005, The Lancet published its first reference to “One Health” in an article about the cooperation between human and animal health to strengthen health systems []. In 2008, FAO, OIE, WHO, UNICEF, The World Bank and the United Nations System Influenza Coordination (UNSIC) officially suggested One Health as the approach to deal with global epidemics []. In 2009, funded by the Rockefeller Foundation, the One Health Commission was established with the objective of disseminating the One Health approach more widely []. In 2020, the OHHLEP was jointly established by FAO, OIE, WHO and UNEP, to provide expert technical guidance on key scientific issues in One Health []. At the behest of the international community, countries including the United Kingdom and the United States of America established specific government entities or initiatives [, ] to lead administrative coordination, fundraising and policy-making relevant to One Health promotion.
Funding Information:
The project was supported by China Medical Board (no. 20-365) and Shanghai Jiao Tong University Integrated Innovation Fund (no. 2020-01).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s).
PY - 2022/12
Y1 - 2022/12
N2 - BACKGROUND: A One Health approach has been increasingly mainstreamed by the international community, as it provides for holistic thinking in recognizing the close links and inter-dependence of the health of humans, animals and the environment. However, the dearth of real-world evidence has hampered application of a One Health approach in shaping policies and practice. This study proposes the development of a potential evaluation tool for One Health performance, in order to contribute to the scientific measurement of One Health approach and the identification of gaps where One Health capacity building is most urgently needed.METHODS: We describe five steps towards a global One Health index (GOHI), including (i) framework formulation; (ii) indicator selection; (iii) database building; (iv) weight determination; and (v) GOHI scores calculation. A cell-like framework for GOHI is proposed, which comprises an external drivers index (EDI), an intrinsic drivers index (IDI) and a core drivers index (CDI). We construct the indicator scheme for GOHI based on this framework after multiple rounds of panel discussions with our expert advisory committee. A fuzzy analytical hierarchy process is adopted to determine the weights for each of the indicators.RESULTS: The weighted indicator scheme of GOHI comprises three first-level indicators, 13 second-level indicators, and 57 third-level indicators. According to the pilot analysis based on the data from more than 200 countries/territories the GOHI scores overall are far from ideal (the highest score of 65.0 out of a maximum score of 100), and we found considerable variations among different countries/territories (31.8-65.0). The results from the pilot analysis are consistent with the results from a literature review, which suggests that a GOHI as a potential tool for the assessment of One Health performance might be feasible.CONCLUSIONS: GOHI-subject to rigorous validation-would represent the world's first evaluation tool that constructs the conceptual framework from a holistic perspective of One Health. Future application of GOHI might promote a common understanding of a strong One Health approach and provide reference for promoting effective measures to strengthen One Health capacity building. With further adaptations under various scenarios, GOHI, along with its technical protocols and databases, will be updated regularly to address current technical limitations, and capture new knowledge.
AB - BACKGROUND: A One Health approach has been increasingly mainstreamed by the international community, as it provides for holistic thinking in recognizing the close links and inter-dependence of the health of humans, animals and the environment. However, the dearth of real-world evidence has hampered application of a One Health approach in shaping policies and practice. This study proposes the development of a potential evaluation tool for One Health performance, in order to contribute to the scientific measurement of One Health approach and the identification of gaps where One Health capacity building is most urgently needed.METHODS: We describe five steps towards a global One Health index (GOHI), including (i) framework formulation; (ii) indicator selection; (iii) database building; (iv) weight determination; and (v) GOHI scores calculation. A cell-like framework for GOHI is proposed, which comprises an external drivers index (EDI), an intrinsic drivers index (IDI) and a core drivers index (CDI). We construct the indicator scheme for GOHI based on this framework after multiple rounds of panel discussions with our expert advisory committee. A fuzzy analytical hierarchy process is adopted to determine the weights for each of the indicators.RESULTS: The weighted indicator scheme of GOHI comprises three first-level indicators, 13 second-level indicators, and 57 third-level indicators. According to the pilot analysis based on the data from more than 200 countries/territories the GOHI scores overall are far from ideal (the highest score of 65.0 out of a maximum score of 100), and we found considerable variations among different countries/territories (31.8-65.0). The results from the pilot analysis are consistent with the results from a literature review, which suggests that a GOHI as a potential tool for the assessment of One Health performance might be feasible.CONCLUSIONS: GOHI-subject to rigorous validation-would represent the world's first evaluation tool that constructs the conceptual framework from a holistic perspective of One Health. Future application of GOHI might promote a common understanding of a strong One Health approach and provide reference for promoting effective measures to strengthen One Health capacity building. With further adaptations under various scenarios, GOHI, along with its technical protocols and databases, will be updated regularly to address current technical limitations, and capture new knowledge.
KW - Global One Health Index (GoHi)
KW - Cell-like Framework
KW - Global Performance Assessment
U2 - 10.1186/s40249-022-00979-9
DO - 10.1186/s40249-022-00979-9
M3 - Article
C2 - 35599310
SN - 2049-9957
VL - 11
JO - Infectious diseases of poverty
JF - Infectious diseases of poverty
IS - 1
ER -