TY - JOUR
T1 - Upper respiratory tract mucosal immunity for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines
AU - Fraser, Rupsha
AU - Orta-Resendiz, Aurelio
AU - Mazein, Alexander
AU - Dockrell, David H.
N1 - Funding Information:
We are grateful to the members of the COVID-19 Disease Map Project and DRAGON Project, which are large-scale international, collaborative efforts to describe SARS-CoV-2 virus–host interaction mechanisms and for future pandemics scenarios planning, respectively, and this review was prepared with a motivation to support these projects. R.F. A.O-R. and A.M. declare no competing interests. D.H.D. reports participation in Data and Safety Monitoring Boards for COV HIC001, COV HIC002, and Oxford SARS-CoV-2 CHIM study in seropositive volunteers, and acts as Commissioner for Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), UK.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors
PY - 2023/4
Y1 - 2023/4
N2 - SARS-CoV-2 vaccination significantly reduces morbidity and mortality, but has less impact on viral transmission rates, thus aiding viral evolution, and the longevity of vaccine-induced immunity rapidly declines. Immune responses in respiratory tract mucosal tissues are crucial for early control of infection, and can generate long-term antigen-specific protection with prompt recall responses. However, currently approved SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are not amenable to adequate respiratory mucosal delivery, particularly in the upper airways, which could account for the high vaccine breakthrough infection rates and limited duration of vaccine-mediated protection. In view of these drawbacks, we outline a strategy that has the potential to enhance both the efficacy and durability of existing SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, by inducing robust memory responses in the upper respiratory tract (URT) mucosa.
AB - SARS-CoV-2 vaccination significantly reduces morbidity and mortality, but has less impact on viral transmission rates, thus aiding viral evolution, and the longevity of vaccine-induced immunity rapidly declines. Immune responses in respiratory tract mucosal tissues are crucial for early control of infection, and can generate long-term antigen-specific protection with prompt recall responses. However, currently approved SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are not amenable to adequate respiratory mucosal delivery, particularly in the upper airways, which could account for the high vaccine breakthrough infection rates and limited duration of vaccine-mediated protection. In view of these drawbacks, we outline a strategy that has the potential to enhance both the efficacy and durability of existing SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, by inducing robust memory responses in the upper respiratory tract (URT) mucosa.
KW - interferon-1
KW - SARS-CoV-2 vaccines
KW - upper respiratory tract mucosal immunity
KW - vaccine breakthrough infections
KW - waning immunity
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85147883101&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.01.003
DO - 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.01.003
M3 - Review article
C2 - 36764906
AN - SCOPUS:85147883101
SN - 1471-4914
VL - 29
SP - 255
EP - 267
JO - Trends in Molecular Medicine
JF - Trends in Molecular Medicine
IS - 4
ER -