Abstract / Description of output
Objective: Estimate prevalence and identify demographic risk factors for urinary incontinence (UI) in male dogs. Methods: The study population included all dogs within {redacted} from September 2009 to July 2013. Electronic patient records were searched for UI cases; demographic and clinical information was extracted and analysed.
Results: Of 109,428 male dogs attending 119 clinics in England, an estimated 1027 dogs were diagnosed with UI, giving a UI prevalence of 0.94% (95% CI: 0.88-1.00). Breeds with highest odds of UI compared with crossbreds included the bull mastiff (OR 17.21, 95% CI 6.65-44.56, case=5, non-case=314, P < 0.001), Irish red setter (OR: 12.79, 95% CI 4.83-33.84, case=5, non-case=142, P < 0.001), fox terrier (OR: 9.60, 95% CI 3.68-25.05, case=5, non-case=176, P < 0.001), bulldog (OR: 5.72, 95% CI 2.24-14.59, case=5, non-case=929, P < 0.001) and boxer (OR: 3.65, 95% CI 1.84-7.25, case=10, non-case=1470, P < 0.001). Increased odds of UI were associated with increased age (age 9 to 12 years OR: 10.46, 95% CI 6.59-16.62, n= 12348, P < 0.001) and being insured (OR 1.96 ;95% CI 1.53-2.51, n=26202, P < 0.001). There was no association with castration or bodyweight. Clinical impact: Overall prevalence of UI in male dogs is approximately 1%, which may be higher than expected given the sparsity of literature describing this problem. At-risk breeds (some previously unrecognised) have a higher prevalence of 2-9%. In contrast to bitches, neutering and bodyweight did not increase odds of UI, which is valuable information for general practitioners giving neutering advice.
Original language | English |
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Journal | Journal of Small Animal Practice |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 1 Nov 2018 |
Keywords / Materials (for Non-textual outputs)
- epidemiology
- dog
- urinary incontinence
- USMI
- urethral sphincter
- mechanism incompetence