TY - JOUR
T1 - Vanadium Contamination and Associated Health Risk of Farmland Soil near Smelters throughout China
AU - Li, Yi’na
AU - Zhang, Baogang
AU - Liu, Ziqi
AU - Wang, Song
AU - Yao, Jun
AU - Borthwick, Alistair
PY - 2020/4/8
Y1 - 2020/4/8
N2 - Whereas there is broad consensus that smelting causes serious soil contamination during vanadium production, little is known about the vanadium content of soil near smelters and the associated health risk at continental scale . This study is the first to map the distribution of vanadium in farmland soil surrounding smelters throughout mainland China, and assess the a ssociated health risk. Analysis of 76 samples indicated that t he average vanadium content in such soil was 115.5 mg/kg - far higher than the 82 mg/kg background content in China (p < 0.05). Southwest China (198.0 mg/ kg) and North China ( 158.3 mg/ kg) possesd highest vanadium contents . Vanadium content was strongly related to longitude, altitude and atmospheric temperature . The reducible fraction accounted for the largest percentages in vanadium speciation. The average Pollution Load Index for all samples was 1.51, denoting significant metal enrichment . The Children's hazard index was higher than unity, indicating elevated health risk. The relative contribution of vanadium to the total health risk ranged from 6.02% to 34.5%, while nickel and chromium were the two main contributors in most regions. This work may serve as a model providing an overview of continental vanadium contamination around smelters and draw attention to their possible health risks.
AB - Whereas there is broad consensus that smelting causes serious soil contamination during vanadium production, little is known about the vanadium content of soil near smelters and the associated health risk at continental scale . This study is the first to map the distribution of vanadium in farmland soil surrounding smelters throughout mainland China, and assess the a ssociated health risk. Analysis of 76 samples indicated that t he average vanadium content in such soil was 115.5 mg/kg - far higher than the 82 mg/kg background content in China (p < 0.05). Southwest China (198.0 mg/ kg) and North China ( 158.3 mg/ kg) possesd highest vanadium contents . Vanadium content was strongly related to longitude, altitude and atmospheric temperature . The reducible fraction accounted for the largest percentages in vanadium speciation. The average Pollution Load Index for all samples was 1.51, denoting significant metal enrichment . The Children's hazard index was higher than unity, indicating elevated health risk. The relative contribution of vanadium to the total health risk ranged from 6.02% to 34.5%, while nickel and chromium were the two main contributors in most regions. This work may serve as a model providing an overview of continental vanadium contamination around smelters and draw attention to their possible health risks.
U2 - 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114540
DO - 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114540
M3 - Article
SN - 0269-7491
JO - Environmental Pollution
JF - Environmental Pollution
ER -