TY - JOUR
T1 - Variations in COVID-19 vaccination uptake among people in receipt of psychotropic drugs
T2 - cross-sectional analysis of a national population-based prospective cohort
AU - Murphy, Siobhán
AU - O'Reilly, Dermot
AU - Owen, Rhiannon K
AU - Akbari, Ashley
AU - Lowthian, Emily
AU - Bedston, Stuart
AU - Torabi, Fatemeh
AU - Beggs, Jillian
AU - Chuter, Antony
AU - de Lusignan, Simon
AU - Hobbs, Richard
AU - Robertson, Chris
AU - Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal
AU - Sheikh, Aziz
AU - Bradley, Declan T
N1 - Funding Information:
D.T.B. is jointly employed by Queen's University Belfast, the Public Health Agency and the Department of Health (Northern Ireland) and is currently, or has been, a member of COVID-19 advisory groups in Northern Ireland and the UK including the UK Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies and several of its subgroups. A.S. is a member of the Scottish Government Chief Medical Officer's COVID-19 Advisory Group and the New and Emerging Respiratory Virus Threats (NERVTAG) Risk Stratification Subgroup. C.R. is a member of the Scientific Pandemic Influenza Group on Modelling (SPI-M). All other authors report no conflicts of interest. S.V.K. acknowledges funding from a NRS Senior Clinical Fellowship (SCAF/15/02), the Medical Research Council (MC_UU_00022/2) and the Scottish Government Chief Scientist Office (SPHSU17). R.K.O. is a member of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence Technology Appraisal Committee.
Funding Information:
The authors would like to acknowledge the help provided by the staff of the Honest Broker Service (HBS) within the Business Services Organisation Northern Ireland (BSO). The HBS is funded by the BSO and the Department of Health for Northern Ireland. The authors alone are responsible for the interpretation of the data and any views or opinions presented are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of the BSO.
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press.
PY - 2022/3/7
Y1 - 2022/3/7
N2 - BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has disproportionately affected people with mental health conditions.AIMS: We investigated the association between receiving psychotropic drugs, as an indicator of mental health conditions, and COVID-19 vaccine uptake.METHOD: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of a prospective cohort of the Northern Ireland adult population using national linked primary care registration, vaccination, secondary care and pharmacy dispensing data. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses investigated the association between anxiolytic, antidepressant, antipsychotic, and hypnotic use and COVID-19 vaccination status, accounting for age, gender, deprivation and comorbidities. Receiving any COVID-19 vaccine was the primary outcome.RESULTS: There were 1 433 814 individuals, of whom 1 166 917 received a COVID-19 vaccination. Psychotropic medications were dispensed to 267 049 people. In univariable analysis, people who received any psychotropic medication had greater odds of receiving COVID-19 vaccination: odds ratio (OR) = 1.42 (95% CI 1.41-1.44). However, after adjustment, psychotropic medication use was associated with reduced odds of vaccination (ORadj = 0.90, 95% CI 0.89-0.91). People who received anxiolytics (ORadj = 0.63, 95% CI 0.61-0.65), antipsychotics (ORadj = 0.75, 95% CI 0.73-0.78) and hypnotics (ORadj = 0.90, 95% CI 0.87-0.93) had reduced odds of being vaccinated. Antidepressant use was not associated with vaccination (ORadj = 1.02, 95% CI 1.00-1.03).CONCLUSIONS: We found significantly lower odds of vaccination in people who were receiving treatment with anxiolytic and antipsychotic medications. There is an urgent need for evidence-based, tailored vaccine support for people with mental health conditions.
AB - BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has disproportionately affected people with mental health conditions.AIMS: We investigated the association between receiving psychotropic drugs, as an indicator of mental health conditions, and COVID-19 vaccine uptake.METHOD: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of a prospective cohort of the Northern Ireland adult population using national linked primary care registration, vaccination, secondary care and pharmacy dispensing data. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses investigated the association between anxiolytic, antidepressant, antipsychotic, and hypnotic use and COVID-19 vaccination status, accounting for age, gender, deprivation and comorbidities. Receiving any COVID-19 vaccine was the primary outcome.RESULTS: There were 1 433 814 individuals, of whom 1 166 917 received a COVID-19 vaccination. Psychotropic medications were dispensed to 267 049 people. In univariable analysis, people who received any psychotropic medication had greater odds of receiving COVID-19 vaccination: odds ratio (OR) = 1.42 (95% CI 1.41-1.44). However, after adjustment, psychotropic medication use was associated with reduced odds of vaccination (ORadj = 0.90, 95% CI 0.89-0.91). People who received anxiolytics (ORadj = 0.63, 95% CI 0.61-0.65), antipsychotics (ORadj = 0.75, 95% CI 0.73-0.78) and hypnotics (ORadj = 0.90, 95% CI 0.87-0.93) had reduced odds of being vaccinated. Antidepressant use was not associated with vaccination (ORadj = 1.02, 95% CI 1.00-1.03).CONCLUSIONS: We found significantly lower odds of vaccination in people who were receiving treatment with anxiolytic and antipsychotic medications. There is an urgent need for evidence-based, tailored vaccine support for people with mental health conditions.
KW - Adult
KW - Anti-Anxiety Agents/therapeutic use
KW - Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use
KW - Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use
KW - COVID-19 Vaccines/therapeutic use
KW - COVID-19/epidemiology
KW - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW - Humans
KW - Hypnotics and Sedatives/therapeutic use
KW - Prospective Studies
KW - Psychotropic Drugs/therapeutic use
KW - Vaccination
U2 - 10.1192/bjp.2022.36
DO - 10.1192/bjp.2022.36
M3 - Article
C2 - 35249568
SN - 0007-1250
VL - 221
SP - 417
EP - 424
JO - The British Journal of Psychiatry
JF - The British Journal of Psychiatry
IS - 1
ER -