Virtual ontogeny of cortical growth preceding mental illness

ENIGMA Consortium

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.02.959

Virtual ontogeny of cortical growth preceding mental illness

ENIGMA Consortium

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Original language	English
Journal	Biological Psychiatry
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.02.959
Publication status	Published - 3 Mar 2022

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10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.02.959

https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006322322010678

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@article{c359bc1be5b64b6a8e36b06faed3e760,

title = "Virtual ontogeny of cortical growth preceding mental illness",

author = "{ENIGMA Consortium} and Yash Patel and Jean Shin and Christoph Ab{\'e} and Ingrid Agartz and Clara Alloza and Dag Aln{\ae}s and Sonia Ambrogi and Antonucci, {Linda A.} and Celso Arango and Volker Arolt and Guillaume Auzias and Rosa Ayesa-arriola and Nerisa Banaj and Tobias Banaschewski and Cibele Bandeira and Zeynep Ba{\c s}g{\"o}ze and Cupertino, {Renata Basso} and Bau, {Claiton H.d.} and Jochen Bauer and Sarah Baumeister and Fabio Bernardoni and Alessandro Bertolino and Bonnin, {Caterina Del Mar} and Daniel Brandeis and Silvia Brem and Jason Bruggemann and Robin B{\"u}low and Bustillo, {Juan R.} and Sara Calderoni and Rosa Calvo and Canales-rodr{\'i}guez, {Erick J.} and Cannon, {Dara M.} and Susanna Carmona and Carr, {Vaughan J.} and Catts, {Stanley V.} and Sneha Chenji and Chew, {Qian Hui} and David Coghill and Connolly, {Colm G.} and Annette Conzelmann and Craven, {Alexander R.} and Benedicto Crespo-facorro and Kathryn Cullen and Andreas Dahl and Udo Dannlowski and Davey, {Christopher G.} and Christine Deruelle and D{\'i}az-caneja, {Covadonga M.} and Katharina Dohm and Stefan Ehrlich and Jeffery Epstein and Tracy Erwin-grabner and Eyler, {Lisa T.} and Jennifer Fedor and Jacqueline Fitzgerald and William Foran and Ford, {Judith M.} and Lydia Fortea and Paola Fuentes-claramonte and Janice Fullerton and Lisa Furlong and Louise Gallagher and Bingchen Gao and Si Gao and Goikolea, {Jose M.} and Ian Gotlib and Roberto Goya-maldonado and Grabe, {Hans J.} and Melissa Green and Grevet, {Eugenio H.} and Groenewold, {Nynke A.} and Dominik Grotegerd and Oliver Gruber and Jan Haavik and Tim Hahn and Harrison, {Ben J.} and Walter Heindel and Frans Henskens and Heslenfeld, {Dirk J.} and Eva Hilland and Hoekstra, {Pieter J.} and Sarah Hohmann and Nathalie Holz and Howells, {Fleur M.} and Ipser, {Jonathan C.} and Neda Jahanshad and Babette Jakobi and Andreas Jansen and Joost Janssen and Rune Jonassen and Anna Kaiser and Vasiliy Kaleda and James Karantonis and King, {Joseph A.} and Tilo Kircher and Peter Kochunov and Sheri-michelle Koopowitz and Mikael Land{\'e}n and Landr{\o}, {Nils Inge} and Stephen Lawrie and Irina Lebedeva and Beatriz Luna and Lundervold, {Astri J.} and Macmaster, {Frank P.} and Maglanoc, {Luigi A.} and Mathalon, {Daniel H.} and Colm Mcdonald and Andrew Mcintosh and Susanne Meinert and Michie, {Patricia T.} and Philip Mitchell and Ana Moreno-alc{\'a}zar and Bryan Mowry and Filippo Muratori and Leila Nabulsi and Igor Nenadi{\'c} and {O'gorman Tuura}, Ruth and Jaap Oosterlaan and Bronwyn Overs and Christos Pantelis and Mara Parellada and Pariente, {Jose C.} and Paul Pauli and Giulio Pergola and Piarulli, {Francesco Maria} and Felipe Picon and Fabrizio Piras and Edith Pomarol-clotet and Clara Pretus and Yann Quid{\'e} and Joaquim Radua and Ramos-quiroga, {J. Antoni} and Rasser, {Paul E.} and Andreas Reif and Alessandra Retico and Gloria Roberts and Susan Rossell and Rovaris, {Diego Luiz} and Katya Rubia and Matthew Sacchet and Josep Salavert and Raymond Salvador and Salvador Sarr{\'o} and Akira Sawa and Ulrich Schall and Rodney Scott and Pierluigi Selvaggi and Tim Silk and Kang Sim and Antonin Skoch and Gianfranco Spalletta and Filip Spaniel and Stein, {Dan J.} and Olaf Steinstr{\"a}ter and Aleks Stolicyn and Yoichiro Takayanagi and Leanne Tamm and Maria Tavares and Alexander Teumer and Katharina Thiel and Thomopoulos, {Sophia I.} and David Tomecek and Tomyshev, {Alexander S.} and Diana Tordesillas-guti{\'e}rrez and Michela Tosetti and Anne Uhlmann and {Van Rheenen}, Tamsyn and Javier Vazquez-bourg{\'o}n and Vernooij, {Meike W.} and Eduard Vieta and Oscar Vilarroya and Cynthia Weickert and Thomas Weickert and Westlye, {Lars T.} and Heather Whalley and David Willinger and Alexandra Winter and Katharina Wittfeld and Yang, {Tony T.} and Yuliya Yoncheva and Zijlmans, {Jend{\'e} L.} and Martine Hoogman and Barbara Franke and {Van Rooij}, Daan and Jan Buitelaar and Ching, {Christopher R.k.} and Andreassen, {Ole A.} and Elena Pozzi and Dick Veltman and Lianne Schmaal and {Van Erp}, {Theo G.m.} and Jessica Turner and Castellanos, {F. Xavier} and Zdenka Pausova and Paul Thompson and Tomas Paus",

note = "Funding Information: Data used in the preparation of this article were obtained from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study ( https://abcdstudy.org ), held in the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Data Archive. This is a multisite, longitudinal study designed to recruit more than 10,000 children age 9 to 10 and follow them over 10 years into early adulthood. The ABCD Study is supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and additional federal partners under Grant Nos. U01DA041048 , U01DA050989 , U01DA051016 , U01DA041022 , U01DA051018 , U01DA051037 , U01DA050987 , U01DA041174 , U01DA041106 , U01DA041117 , U01DA041028 , U01DA041134 , U01DA050988 , U01DA051039 , U01DA041156 , U01DA041025 , U01DA041120 , U01DA051038 , U01DA041148 , U01DA041093 , U01DA041089 , U24DA041123 , and U24DA041147 . A full list of supporters is available at https://abcdstudy.org/federal-partners.html . A listing of participating sites and a complete listing of the study investigators can be found at https://abcdstudy.org/consortium_members/ . ABCD Consortium investigators designed and implemented the study and/or provided data but did not necessarily participate in the analysis or writing of this report. Funding Information: Other acknowledgments specific to individual authors are provided in parentheses. Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Graduate Scholarships – Doctoral program (YP); funding by the Research Council of Norway (Grant No. 223273) and KG Jebsen Stiftelsen (to IA, OAA) and by the South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority (Grant Nos. 2019107, 2020086 [to DA]). The Neurofeedback study was partly funded by the project D8 of the Deutsche Forschungsgesellschaft collaborative research center 636. We would like to acknowledge Isabella Wolf and Regina Boecker-Schlier. (TB, SBa, DB, SH, NH, AK). The study cohort was financed by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient{\'i}fico e Tecnol{\'o}gico (Grant Nos. 476529/2012-3, 466722/2014-1, 424041/2016-2; 310619/2019-0), the Coordena{\c c}{\~a}o de Aperfei{\c c}oamento de Pessoal de N{\'i}vel Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001 and FIPE-HCPA 160600, and Fundo de Amparo {\`a} Pesquisa do Rio Grande do Sul (Grant No. 19/2551-0001731-6 [to CB, EHG, FPic, MTa]). The study was funded by the National Institute of Mental Health (Grant No. K23MH090421), the National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression, the University of Minnesota Graduate School, the Minnesota Medical Foundation, and the Biotechnology Research Center (Grant No. P41 RR008079 to the Center for Magnetic Resonance Research), University of Minnesota, and the Deborah E. Powell Center for Women{\textquoteright}s Health Seed Grant, University of Minnesota (to ZB, KC). The study cohort was financed by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient{\'i}fico e Tecnol{\'o}gico (Grant Nos. 476529/2012-3, 466722/2014-1, and 424041/2016-2), CAPES - Finance Code 001 and FIPE-HCPA 160600, and the Funda{\c c}{\~a}o de Amparo {\`a} Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Grant Nos. PqG-19/2551-0001731-6 and PqG-19/2551-0001668-9 [CHDB]). This study was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant No. #320030_130237 [to SBr]) and the Hartmann M{\"u}ller Foundation (Grant No. 1460 [to SBr]). This study was supported by the Italian Ministry of Health (Grant No. RC 2768566/2020-2021 [to SCal, FM]); the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Grant No. PI09/1588 [to RC]) ISCIII and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) (Grant No. 091510 from La Marat{\'o}-TV3 Foundation [to RC]); and Health Research Board (HRA-POR-324 [to DMC, LN]). This work was supported by research grants from the National Healthcare Group, Singapore (Grant Nos. SIG/05004, SIG/05028, SIG /1103 [to KS]), and the Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (RP C009/2006 [to KS, QHC]), TENOVUS Dundee (to DC), the German Research Foundation (Grant Nos. FOR2107 DA1151/5-1 and DA1151/5-2; SFB-TRR58; Projects C09 and Z02 [to UD]) and the Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) of the medical faculty of M{\"u}nster (Grant No. Dan3/012/17 [to UD]). Data collection and sharing for this project was partially funded by the Multimodal Treatment Study for ADHD (National Institutes of Drug Abuse Contract No. HHSN271200800009C [to JE, LT]). Support was provided by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Bundesministerium fuer Bildung und Forschung Grant No. 01 ZX 1507, {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}PreNeSt - e:Med{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} [to TE-G]) and NIH MH083968 and Desert-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (to LTE). This work was supported by the Department of Veterans Affairs (Senior Research Career Scientist award and VA 1I01 CX0004971 [to JMF]). CIBERSAM, AGAUR (to PF-C, EP-C, SS). The “Kids and Sibs” Study was supported by the Australian National Medical and Health Research Council (Program Grant No. 1037196 and Investigator Grant No. 1177991 [to PBM], Project Grant No. 1066177 [to JMF]), the Lansdowne Foundation, Good Talk, and the Keith Pettigrew Family Bequest (to PM). JMF gratefully acknowledges the Janette Mary O{\textquoteright}Neil Research Fellowship (to JFu, PM, BO, GR). LFu was supported by an Australian Rotary Health/Ian Parker Bipolar Research Fund postgraduate scholarship. Collection of the COGSBD cohort was funded by the Jack Brockhoff Foundation, University of Melbourne, Barbara Dicker Brain Sciences Foundation, Rebecca L Cooper Foundation and the Society of Mental Health Research (to LFu). The Meath Foundation, Tallaght University Hospital, and The National Children's Hospital Foundation (to LG). This study was supported by Grant Nos. R01AA012207, RO1MH123163, RO1NS114628, R01 EB015611, and U01 MH108148 (to SG, PK); NIH (Grant No. R37MH101495 [to IG]), the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Bundesministerium fuer Bildung und Forschung: Grant No. 01 ZX 1507, {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}PreNeSt - e:Med{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} [to RG-M]). The Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) is part of the Community Medicine Research net (CMR) ( http://www.medizin.uni-greifswald.de/icm ) of the University Medicine Greifswald, which is supported by the German Federal State of Mecklenburg- West Pomerania. MRI scans in SHIP and SHIP-TREND have been supported by a joint grant from Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany, and the Federal State of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania. This study was further supported by the EU-JPND Funding for BRIDGET (FKZ:01ED1615 [to HJG]), National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC) Project (Grant No. 630471 [to MG]), a Carnegie Developing Emerging Academic Leaders Fellowship (to NAG), and Stiftelsen KGJebsen (Grant No. SKGJ-MED02 [to JH]). Funding Information: This work was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG Grant Nos. HA7070/2-2, HA7070/3, HA7070/4 [to TH]) and IZKF of the medical faculty of M{\"u}nster (Grants No. Dan3/012/17 [to UD] and MzH 3/020/20 [to TH]), and NHMRC projects (Grant No. 1064643 [to BJH] and 1024570 [to CGD]). The CIAM study was supported by the University of Cape Town Research Committee, South African National Research Foundation, and the South African Medical Research Council (principal investigator [PI], Fleur M. Howells) and Grant No. R01MH117601 (to NJ). This work was funded by the German Research Foundation (Grant Nos. FOR2107 JA 1890/7-1 and FOR2107 JA 1890/7-2 [to AJ]) and Swinburne University scholarship/Australian Postgraduate Award (to JK). Collection of the COGSBD cohort was funded by the Jack Brockhoff Foundation, University of Melbourne, Barbara Dicker Brain Sciences Foundation, Rebecca L Cooper Foundation, and the Society of Mental Health Research (to JK). This work was funded by the German Research Foundation (Grant Nos. FOR2107 KI588/14-1 and FOR2107 KI588/14-2 [to TK]). The St. G{\"o}ran study was supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council (Grant No. 2018-02653 [to ML]), the Swedish foundation for Strategic Research (Grant No. KF10-0039 [to ML]), the Swedish Brain foundation (Grant No. FO2020-0261 [to ML]), and the Swedish Government under the LUA/ALF agreement (Grant Nos. ALF 20170019 and ALFGBG-716801 [to ML]). This work was supported by RFBR (Grant No. 20-013-00748 [to IL, AST]) and funded by the Health Research Board (Grant No. HRA_POR/2011/100 [to CM]). The Australian Schizophrenia Research Bank (ASRB) was supported by the NHMRC (Enabling Grant No. 386500), the Pratt Foundation, Ramsay Health Care, the Viertel Charitable Foundation, and the Schizophrenia Research Institute. Chief investigators for ASRB were VC, US, RSc, AJ, BM, PTM, SVC, FH, and CPa. This work was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Grant Nos. DFG NE 2254/2-1, NE 2254/3-1, NE2254/4-1 [to IN]), the University Research Priority Program “Integrative Human Physiology” at the University of Zurich (to ROT), an NHMRC Senior Principal Research Fellowship (Grant No. 1105825 [to CPa]), an NHMRC L3 Investigator Grant (Grant No. 1196508 [to CP]), and NHMRC Program Grant (Grant No. 1150083 [to CPa]). ASRB was supported by the NHMRC (Enabling Grant No. 386500), the Pratt Foundation, Ramsay Health Care, the Viertel Charitable Foundation and the Schizophrenia Research Institute. Chief investigators for ASRB were VC, US, RSc, AJ, BM, PTM, SVC, FH, and CPa. This project has received funding from the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sk{\l}odowska-Curie grant (Agreement No. 798181 [to GP]). ASRB was supported by the NHMRC (Enabling Grant, ID 386500), the Pratt Foundation, Ramsay Health Care, the Viertel Charitable Foundation and the Schizophrenia Research Institute. Chief investigators for ASRB were VC, US, RSc, AJ, BM, PTM, SVC, FH, and CPa. The Imaging Genetics in Psychosis study was funded by Project Grants from the NHMRC (Grant Nos. APP630471 and APP1081603 [to YQ]) and the Macquarie University{\textquoteright}s Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders (Grant No. CE110001021 [to YQ]). This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities/Economy and Competitiveness/Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Grant Nos. PI11/01766 and CPII19/00009 [to JR]), co-financed by European Regional Development Fund funds from the European Commission (“A Way of Making Europe”). ASRB was supported by the NHMRC (Enabling Grant No. 386500), the Pratt Foundation, Ramsay Health Care, the Viertel Charitable Foundation, and the Schizophrenia Research Institute. Chief investigators for ASRB were VC, US, RSc, AJ, BM, PTM, SVC, FH, and CPa. SR was supported by an NHMRC Senior Fellowship (Grant No. GNT1154651). Collection of the COGSBD cohort was funded by the Jack Brockhoff Foundation, University of Melbourne, Barbara Dicker Brain Sciences Foundation, Rebecca L Cooper Foundation, and the Society of Mental Health Research (to SR). This work was supported by NIHR; MRC (to KR), NIH (Grant Nos. MH-094268, MH-105660, and MH-107730 [to ASS]). The Neuroimaging of the Children's Attention Project cohort was funded by NHMRC, Australia (Grant No. 1065895). Earlier funding for the cohort as also provided by NHMRC (Grant No. 1008522) and a grant from the Collier Foundation. The ACPU cohort was funded by NHMRC, Australia (Project Grant Nos. 384419 and 569533 [to TS]). This work was supported by research grants from the National Healthcare Group, Singapore (Grant Nos. SIG/05004, SIG/05028, and SIG /1103), and the Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (RP C009/2006 [to KS]), and the Ministry of Health, Czech Republic - conceptual development of research organization (“Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine - IKEM, IN 00023001” [to ASk]). This study was supported by the Italian Ministry of Health (Grant No. RC/17-18-19-20-21/A [to GS]) and Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic (Grant No. NU20-04-00393 [to FS]). The Drakenstein Child Health Study (DCHS) cohort is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (Grant No. OPP 1017641) and the South African Medical Research Council. This DCHS contribution was made possible in part by a grant from Carnegie Corporation of New York. The statements made and views expressed are solely the responsibility of the author (DJS). STRADL study was supported and funded by the Wellcome Trust Strategic Award “Stratifying Resilience and Depression Longitudinally” (Grant No. 104036/Z/14/Z), and the Medical Research Council Mental Health Pathfinder Award “Leveraging routinely collected and linked research data to study the causes and consequences of common mental disorders” (MRC, Grant No. MC_PC_17209). Scottish Bipolar Family Study (SBFS) was supported by National Health Service Research Scotland, through the Scottish Mental Health Research Network ( www.smhrn.org.uk ), who provided assistance with subject recruitment and assessments. SBFS was conducted at the Brain Research Imaging Centre ( http://www.bric.ed.ac.uk ), which is supported by SINAPSE (Scottish Imaging Network, a Platform for Scientific Excellence, http://www.sinapse.ac.uk ). Processing of the datasets used the resources provided by the Edinburgh Compute and Data Facility ( http://www.ecdf.ed.ac.uk/ ) (ASt). TVR was supported by an NHMRC Early Career Fellowship (Grant No. GNT1088785). Collection of the COGSBD cohort was funded by the Jack Brockhoff Foundation, University of Melbourne, Barbara Dicker Brain Sciences Foundation, Rebecca L Cooper Foundation, and the Society of Mental Health Research (to TVR). EV was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PI18/00805) integrated into the Plan Nacional de I+D+I and co-financed by the ISCIII-Subdirecci{\'o}n General de Evaluaci{\'o}n and the FEDER; the Instituto de Salud Carlos III; the CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigaci{\'o}n Biom{\'e}dica en Red de Salud Mental); by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya and the Secretaria d{\textquoteright}Universitats i Recerca del Departament d{\textquoteright}Economia I Coneixement (Grant No. 2017SGR1355). This study was also supported by the Departament de Salut de la Generalitat de Catalunya, Pla Estrat{\`e}gic de Recerca i Innovaci{\'o} en Salut (PERIS) 2016-2020 (Grant No. SLT006/17/00345) and the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (EU.3.1.1. Understanding health, wellbeing and disease: Grant Nos. 754907 and EU.3.1.3 [to EB]; Treating and managing disease: Grant No. 945151 [to EV]). This study was supported by the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (Grant Nos. R21AT009173 and R61AT009864 [to TTY]); by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (CTSI), National Institutes of Health, through UCSF-CTSI (Grant No. UL1TR001872 [to TTY]); by the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention (Grant No. SRG-1-141-18 [to TTY]); by UCSF Research Evaluation and Allocation Committee (REAC) and J. Jacobson Fund (to TTY); by the NIMH (Grant No. R01MH085734 [to TTY]); and by the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation (formerly NARSAD) (to TTY). Funding Information: This work was supported by a personal Veni grant to MH from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO, Grant No. 91619115 [to MH]) and European Community{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 Programme (H2020/2014 – 2020) (Grant Agreements Nos. 667302 [CoCA], 728018 [Eat2beNICE], and 847879 [PRIME] [to BF]). JBu has been supported by the EU-AIMS (European Autism Interventions) and AIMS-2-TRIALS programmes, which receive support from Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking Grant Nos. 115300 and 777394, the resources of which are composed of financial contributions from the European Union{\textquoteright}s FP7 and Horizon 2020 Programmes, and from the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations companies{\textquoteright} in-kind contributions, and AUTISM SPEAKS, Autistica and SFARI; and by the Horizon 2020–supported programme CANDY (Grant No. 847818 [to JBu]). This work is supported by Grant No. NIA T32AG058507 and NIH Grant No. U54EB020403 from the Big Data to Knowledge (BD2K) Program (to CRKC). ENIGMA MDD work is supported by NIH (Grant Nos. U54 EB020403 [to PT], R01 MH116147 [to PT], and R01 MH117601 [to NJ and LS]). LS was supported by an NHMRC Career Development Fellowship (Grant No. 1140764). This work was supported by the National Center for Research Resources at the NIH (Grant Nos. NIH 1 U24 RR021992 [Function Biomedical Informatics Research Network], NIH 1 U24 RR025736-01 [Biomedical Informatics Research Network Coordinating Center; http://www.birncommunity.org ]). TGMvE is supported by ENIGMA{\textquoteright}s NIH BD2K initiative (Grant No. U54 EB020403), ENIGMA Sex Differences (Grant No. R01MH116147), and ENIGMA-COINSTAC: Advanced Worldwide Transdiagnostic Analysis of Valence System Brain Circuits (Grant No. R01MH121246). This work was supported by the NIH (Grant No. R01MH121246 [to JT, Calhoun, and TGMvE]). This work was supported in part by NIH (Grant No. U54 EB020403 [to PT]). Funding Information: VA, HJB, KD, DG, and WH express gratitude to all participants of the M{\"u}nster Neuroimaging Study. EV and RC acknowledge the support of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and FEDER. PTM and CPa thank C. Loughland, the ASRB Manager, and acknowledges the help of Jason Bridge for ASRB database queries. Funding Information: CAr has been a consultant to or has received honoraria or grants from Acadia, Angelini, Boehringer, Gedeon Richter, Janssen-Cilag, Lundbeck, Minerva, Otsuka, Roche, Sage, Servier, Shire, Ethiopia, Schering Plough, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Sunovion, and Takeda. TB served in an advisory or consultancy role for ADHS digital, Infectopharm, Lundbeck, Medice, Neurim Pharmaceuticals, Oberberg GmbH, Roche, and Takeda; received conference support or speaker{\textquoteright}s fees from Medice and Takeda; and received royalties from Hogrefe, Kohlhammer, CIP Medien, Oxford University Press. This work is unrelated to these relationships. DB serves as an unpaid scientific consultant for an EU-funded neurofeedback trial. DC served on the advisory board or speaker for Takeda, Medice, Novartis, and Sunovian, unrelated to this work. HJG has received travel grants and speakers honoraria from Fresenius Medical Care, Neuraxpharm, Servier, and Janssen-Cilag as well as research funding from Fresenius Medical Care. EHG has received lecture honoraria from Takeda and Sandoz. NJ is MPI of a research grant from Biogen Inc. for work unrelated to the contents of this article. ML has received lecture honoraria from Lundbeck. DHM serves as a consultant for Boehringer Ingelheim, Cadent Therapeutics, Syndisi, and Recognify. CPa has received honoraria for talks at educational meetings and has served on an advisory board for Lundbeck, Australia Pty Ltd. KR reports a grant from Takeda Pharmaceuticals and consultancy fees from Lundbeck. EV has received grants and served as consultant, advisor, or CME speaker for the following entities (unrelated to the present work): AB-Biotics, AbbVie, Aimentia, Angelini, Celon, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma, Ferrer, Gedeon Richter, GH, (Research), GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Lundbeck, Organon, Otsuka, Sage, Sanofi-Aventis, Sunovion, and Takeda. BF has received educational speaking fees from Medice GmbH. JBu has been in the past 3 years a consultant to, member of advisory board of, and/or speaker for Takeda/Shire, Roche, Medice, Angelini, Janssen, and Servier. He is not an employee of any of these companies and not a stock shareholder of any of these companies. He has no other financial or material support, including expert testimony, patents, and royalties. CRKC has received partial research support from Biogen, Inc for work unrelated to the topic of this article. OAA has served as a consultant to HealthLytix and received speaker{\textquoteright}s honoraria from Ludbeck and Sunovion. FXC has served in the past on a BOL Pharma scientific advisory board, unrelated to this work. PT received partial funding support from Biogen, Inc for research unrelated to this article. All other authors report no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 Society of Biological Psychiatry",

year = "2022",

month = mar,

day = "3",

doi = "10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.02.959",

language = "English",

journal = "Biological Psychiatry",

issn = "0006-3223",

publisher = "Elsevier",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Virtual ontogeny of cortical growth preceding mental illness

AU - ENIGMA Consortium

AU - Patel, Yash

AU - Shin, Jean

AU - Abé, Christoph

AU - Agartz, Ingrid

AU - Alloza, Clara

AU - Alnæs, Dag

AU - Ambrogi, Sonia

AU - Antonucci, Linda A.

AU - Arango, Celso

AU - Arolt, Volker

AU - Auzias, Guillaume

AU - Ayesa-arriola, Rosa

AU - Banaj, Nerisa

AU - Banaschewski, Tobias

AU - Bandeira, Cibele

AU - Başgöze, Zeynep

AU - Cupertino, Renata Basso

AU - Bau, Claiton H.d.

AU - Bauer, Jochen

AU - Baumeister, Sarah

AU - Bernardoni, Fabio

AU - Bertolino, Alessandro

AU - Bonnin, Caterina Del Mar

AU - Brandeis, Daniel

AU - Brem, Silvia

AU - Bruggemann, Jason

AU - Bülow, Robin

AU - Bustillo, Juan R.

AU - Calderoni, Sara

AU - Calvo, Rosa

AU - Canales-rodríguez, Erick J.

AU - Cannon, Dara M.

AU - Carmona, Susanna

AU - Carr, Vaughan J.

AU - Catts, Stanley V.

AU - Chenji, Sneha

AU - Chew, Qian Hui

AU - Coghill, David

AU - Connolly, Colm G.

AU - Conzelmann, Annette

AU - Craven, Alexander R.

AU - Crespo-facorro, Benedicto

AU - Cullen, Kathryn

AU - Dahl, Andreas

AU - Dannlowski, Udo

AU - Davey, Christopher G.

AU - Deruelle, Christine

AU - Díaz-caneja, Covadonga M.

AU - Dohm, Katharina

AU - Ehrlich, Stefan

AU - Epstein, Jeffery

AU - Erwin-grabner, Tracy

AU - Eyler, Lisa T.

AU - Fedor, Jennifer

AU - Fitzgerald, Jacqueline

AU - Foran, William

AU - Ford, Judith M.

AU - Fortea, Lydia

AU - Fuentes-claramonte, Paola

AU - Fullerton, Janice

AU - Furlong, Lisa

AU - Gallagher, Louise

AU - Gao, Bingchen

AU - Gao, Si

AU - Goikolea, Jose M.

AU - Gotlib, Ian

AU - Goya-maldonado, Roberto

AU - Grabe, Hans J.

AU - Green, Melissa

AU - Grevet, Eugenio H.

AU - Groenewold, Nynke A.

AU - Grotegerd, Dominik

AU - Gruber, Oliver

AU - Haavik, Jan

AU - Hahn, Tim

AU - Harrison, Ben J.

AU - Heindel, Walter

AU - Henskens, Frans

AU - Heslenfeld, Dirk J.

AU - Hilland, Eva

AU - Hoekstra, Pieter J.

AU - Hohmann, Sarah

AU - Holz, Nathalie

AU - Howells, Fleur M.

AU - Ipser, Jonathan C.

AU - Jahanshad, Neda

AU - Jakobi, Babette

AU - Jansen, Andreas

AU - Janssen, Joost

AU - Jonassen, Rune

AU - Kaiser, Anna

AU - Kaleda, Vasiliy

AU - Karantonis, James

AU - King, Joseph A.

AU - Kircher, Tilo

AU - Kochunov, Peter

AU - Koopowitz, Sheri-michelle

AU - Landén, Mikael

AU - Landrø, Nils Inge

AU - Lawrie, Stephen

AU - Lebedeva, Irina

AU - Luna, Beatriz

AU - Lundervold, Astri J.

AU - Macmaster, Frank P.

AU - Maglanoc, Luigi A.

AU - Mathalon, Daniel H.

AU - Mcdonald, Colm

AU - Mcintosh, Andrew

AU - Meinert, Susanne

AU - Michie, Patricia T.

AU - Mitchell, Philip

AU - Moreno-alcázar, Ana

AU - Mowry, Bryan

AU - Muratori, Filippo

AU - Nabulsi, Leila

AU - Nenadić, Igor

AU - O'gorman Tuura, Ruth

AU - Oosterlaan, Jaap

AU - Overs, Bronwyn

AU - Pantelis, Christos

AU - Parellada, Mara

AU - Pariente, Jose C.

AU - Pauli, Paul

AU - Pergola, Giulio

AU - Piarulli, Francesco Maria

AU - Picon, Felipe

AU - Piras, Fabrizio

AU - Pomarol-clotet, Edith

AU - Pretus, Clara

AU - Quidé, Yann

AU - Radua, Joaquim

AU - Ramos-quiroga, J. Antoni

AU - Rasser, Paul E.

AU - Reif, Andreas

AU - Retico, Alessandra

AU - Roberts, Gloria

AU - Rossell, Susan

AU - Rovaris, Diego Luiz

AU - Rubia, Katya

AU - Sacchet, Matthew

AU - Salavert, Josep

AU - Salvador, Raymond

AU - Sarró, Salvador

AU - Sawa, Akira

AU - Schall, Ulrich

AU - Scott, Rodney

AU - Selvaggi, Pierluigi

AU - Silk, Tim

AU - Sim, Kang

AU - Skoch, Antonin

AU - Spalletta, Gianfranco

AU - Spaniel, Filip

AU - Stein, Dan J.

AU - Steinsträter, Olaf

AU - Stolicyn, Aleks

AU - Takayanagi, Yoichiro

AU - Tamm, Leanne

AU - Tavares, Maria

AU - Teumer, Alexander

AU - Thiel, Katharina

AU - Thomopoulos, Sophia I.

AU - Tomecek, David

AU - Tomyshev, Alexander S.

AU - Tordesillas-gutiérrez, Diana

AU - Tosetti, Michela

AU - Uhlmann, Anne

AU - Van Rheenen, Tamsyn

AU - Vazquez-bourgón, Javier

AU - Vernooij, Meike W.

AU - Vieta, Eduard

AU - Vilarroya, Oscar

AU - Weickert, Cynthia

AU - Weickert, Thomas

AU - Westlye, Lars T.

AU - Whalley, Heather

AU - Willinger, David

AU - Winter, Alexandra

AU - Wittfeld, Katharina

AU - Yang, Tony T.

AU - Yoncheva, Yuliya

AU - Zijlmans, Jendé L.

AU - Hoogman, Martine

AU - Franke, Barbara

AU - Van Rooij, Daan

AU - Buitelaar, Jan

AU - Ching, Christopher R.k.

AU - Andreassen, Ole A.

AU - Pozzi, Elena

AU - Veltman, Dick

AU - Schmaal, Lianne

AU - Van Erp, Theo G.m.

AU - Turner, Jessica

AU - Castellanos, F. Xavier

AU - Pausova, Zdenka

AU - Thompson, Paul

AU - Paus, Tomas

N1 - Funding Information: Data used in the preparation of this article were obtained from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study ( https://abcdstudy.org ), held in the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Data Archive. This is a multisite, longitudinal study designed to recruit more than 10,000 children age 9 to 10 and follow them over 10 years into early adulthood. The ABCD Study is supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and additional federal partners under Grant Nos. U01DA041048 , U01DA050989 , U01DA051016 , U01DA041022 , U01DA051018 , U01DA051037 , U01DA050987 , U01DA041174 , U01DA041106 , U01DA041117 , U01DA041028 , U01DA041134 , U01DA050988 , U01DA051039 , U01DA041156 , U01DA041025 , U01DA041120 , U01DA051038 , U01DA041148 , U01DA041093 , U01DA041089 , U24DA041123 , and U24DA041147 . A full list of supporters is available at https://abcdstudy.org/federal-partners.html . A listing of participating sites and a complete listing of the study investigators can be found at https://abcdstudy.org/consortium_members/ . ABCD Consortium investigators designed and implemented the study and/or provided data but did not necessarily participate in the analysis or writing of this report. Funding Information: Other acknowledgments specific to individual authors are provided in parentheses. Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Graduate Scholarships – Doctoral program (YP); funding by the Research Council of Norway (Grant No. 223273) and KG Jebsen Stiftelsen (to IA, OAA) and by the South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority (Grant Nos. 2019107, 2020086 [to DA]). The Neurofeedback study was partly funded by the project D8 of the Deutsche Forschungsgesellschaft collaborative research center 636. We would like to acknowledge Isabella Wolf and Regina Boecker-Schlier. (TB, SBa, DB, SH, NH, AK). The study cohort was financed by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Grant Nos. 476529/2012-3, 466722/2014-1, 424041/2016-2; 310619/2019-0), the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001 and FIPE-HCPA 160600, and Fundo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Rio Grande do Sul (Grant No. 19/2551-0001731-6 [to CB, EHG, FPic, MTa]). The study was funded by the National Institute of Mental Health (Grant No. K23MH090421), the National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression, the University of Minnesota Graduate School, the Minnesota Medical Foundation, and the Biotechnology Research Center (Grant No. P41 RR008079 to the Center for Magnetic Resonance Research), University of Minnesota, and the Deborah E. Powell Center for Women’s Health Seed Grant, University of Minnesota (to ZB, KC). The study cohort was financed by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Grant Nos. 476529/2012-3, 466722/2014-1, and 424041/2016-2), CAPES - Finance Code 001 and FIPE-HCPA 160600, and the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Grant Nos. PqG-19/2551-0001731-6 and PqG-19/2551-0001668-9 [CHDB]). This study was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant No. #320030_130237 [to SBr]) and the Hartmann Müller Foundation (Grant No. 1460 [to SBr]). This study was supported by the Italian Ministry of Health (Grant No. RC 2768566/2020-2021 [to SCal, FM]); the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Grant No. PI09/1588 [to RC]) ISCIII and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) (Grant No. 091510 from La Marató-TV3 Foundation [to RC]); and Health Research Board (HRA-POR-324 [to DMC, LN]). This work was supported by research grants from the National Healthcare Group, Singapore (Grant Nos. SIG/05004, SIG/05028, SIG /1103 [to KS]), and the Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (RP C009/2006 [to KS, QHC]), TENOVUS Dundee (to DC), the German Research Foundation (Grant Nos. FOR2107 DA1151/5-1 and DA1151/5-2; SFB-TRR58; Projects C09 and Z02 [to UD]) and the Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) of the medical faculty of Münster (Grant No. Dan3/012/17 [to UD]). Data collection and sharing for this project was partially funded by the Multimodal Treatment Study for ADHD (National Institutes of Drug Abuse Contract No. HHSN271200800009C [to JE, LT]). Support was provided by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Bundesministerium fuer Bildung und Forschung Grant No. 01 ZX 1507, ‘‘PreNeSt - e:Med’’ [to TE-G]) and NIH MH083968 and Desert-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (to LTE). This work was supported by the Department of Veterans Affairs (Senior Research Career Scientist award and VA 1I01 CX0004971 [to JMF]). CIBERSAM, AGAUR (to PF-C, EP-C, SS). The “Kids and Sibs” Study was supported by the Australian National Medical and Health Research Council (Program Grant No. 1037196 and Investigator Grant No. 1177991 [to PBM], Project Grant No. 1066177 [to JMF]), the Lansdowne Foundation, Good Talk, and the Keith Pettigrew Family Bequest (to PM). JMF gratefully acknowledges the Janette Mary O’Neil Research Fellowship (to JFu, PM, BO, GR). LFu was supported by an Australian Rotary Health/Ian Parker Bipolar Research Fund postgraduate scholarship. Collection of the COGSBD cohort was funded by the Jack Brockhoff Foundation, University of Melbourne, Barbara Dicker Brain Sciences Foundation, Rebecca L Cooper Foundation and the Society of Mental Health Research (to LFu). The Meath Foundation, Tallaght University Hospital, and The National Children's Hospital Foundation (to LG). This study was supported by Grant Nos. R01AA012207, RO1MH123163, RO1NS114628, R01 EB015611, and U01 MH108148 (to SG, PK); NIH (Grant No. R37MH101495 [to IG]), the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Bundesministerium fuer Bildung und Forschung: Grant No. 01 ZX 1507, ‘‘PreNeSt - e:Med’’ [to RG-M]). The Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) is part of the Community Medicine Research net (CMR) ( http://www.medizin.uni-greifswald.de/icm ) of the University Medicine Greifswald, which is supported by the German Federal State of Mecklenburg- West Pomerania. MRI scans in SHIP and SHIP-TREND have been supported by a joint grant from Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany, and the Federal State of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania. This study was further supported by the EU-JPND Funding for BRIDGET (FKZ:01ED1615 [to HJG]), National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC) Project (Grant No. 630471 [to MG]), a Carnegie Developing Emerging Academic Leaders Fellowship (to NAG), and Stiftelsen KGJebsen (Grant No. SKGJ-MED02 [to JH]). Funding Information: This work was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG Grant Nos. HA7070/2-2, HA7070/3, HA7070/4 [to TH]) and IZKF of the medical faculty of Münster (Grants No. Dan3/012/17 [to UD] and MzH 3/020/20 [to TH]), and NHMRC projects (Grant No. 1064643 [to BJH] and 1024570 [to CGD]). The CIAM study was supported by the University of Cape Town Research Committee, South African National Research Foundation, and the South African Medical Research Council (principal investigator [PI], Fleur M. Howells) and Grant No. R01MH117601 (to NJ). This work was funded by the German Research Foundation (Grant Nos. FOR2107 JA 1890/7-1 and FOR2107 JA 1890/7-2 [to AJ]) and Swinburne University scholarship/Australian Postgraduate Award (to JK). Collection of the COGSBD cohort was funded by the Jack Brockhoff Foundation, University of Melbourne, Barbara Dicker Brain Sciences Foundation, Rebecca L Cooper Foundation, and the Society of Mental Health Research (to JK). This work was funded by the German Research Foundation (Grant Nos. FOR2107 KI588/14-1 and FOR2107 KI588/14-2 [to TK]). The St. Göran study was supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council (Grant No. 2018-02653 [to ML]), the Swedish foundation for Strategic Research (Grant No. KF10-0039 [to ML]), the Swedish Brain foundation (Grant No. FO2020-0261 [to ML]), and the Swedish Government under the LUA/ALF agreement (Grant Nos. ALF 20170019 and ALFGBG-716801 [to ML]). This work was supported by RFBR (Grant No. 20-013-00748 [to IL, AST]) and funded by the Health Research Board (Grant No. HRA_POR/2011/100 [to CM]). The Australian Schizophrenia Research Bank (ASRB) was supported by the NHMRC (Enabling Grant No. 386500), the Pratt Foundation, Ramsay Health Care, the Viertel Charitable Foundation, and the Schizophrenia Research Institute. Chief investigators for ASRB were VC, US, RSc, AJ, BM, PTM, SVC, FH, and CPa. This work was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Grant Nos. DFG NE 2254/2-1, NE 2254/3-1, NE2254/4-1 [to IN]), the University Research Priority Program “Integrative Human Physiology” at the University of Zurich (to ROT), an NHMRC Senior Principal Research Fellowship (Grant No. 1105825 [to CPa]), an NHMRC L3 Investigator Grant (Grant No. 1196508 [to CP]), and NHMRC Program Grant (Grant No. 1150083 [to CPa]). ASRB was supported by the NHMRC (Enabling Grant No. 386500), the Pratt Foundation, Ramsay Health Care, the Viertel Charitable Foundation and the Schizophrenia Research Institute. Chief investigators for ASRB were VC, US, RSc, AJ, BM, PTM, SVC, FH, and CPa. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant (Agreement No. 798181 [to GP]). ASRB was supported by the NHMRC (Enabling Grant, ID 386500), the Pratt Foundation, Ramsay Health Care, the Viertel Charitable Foundation and the Schizophrenia Research Institute. Chief investigators for ASRB were VC, US, RSc, AJ, BM, PTM, SVC, FH, and CPa. The Imaging Genetics in Psychosis study was funded by Project Grants from the NHMRC (Grant Nos. APP630471 and APP1081603 [to YQ]) and the Macquarie University’s Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders (Grant No. CE110001021 [to YQ]). This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities/Economy and Competitiveness/Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Grant Nos. PI11/01766 and CPII19/00009 [to JR]), co-financed by European Regional Development Fund funds from the European Commission (“A Way of Making Europe”). ASRB was supported by the NHMRC (Enabling Grant No. 386500), the Pratt Foundation, Ramsay Health Care, the Viertel Charitable Foundation, and the Schizophrenia Research Institute. Chief investigators for ASRB were VC, US, RSc, AJ, BM, PTM, SVC, FH, and CPa. SR was supported by an NHMRC Senior Fellowship (Grant No. GNT1154651). Collection of the COGSBD cohort was funded by the Jack Brockhoff Foundation, University of Melbourne, Barbara Dicker Brain Sciences Foundation, Rebecca L Cooper Foundation, and the Society of Mental Health Research (to SR). This work was supported by NIHR; MRC (to KR), NIH (Grant Nos. MH-094268, MH-105660, and MH-107730 [to ASS]). The Neuroimaging of the Children's Attention Project cohort was funded by NHMRC, Australia (Grant No. 1065895). Earlier funding for the cohort as also provided by NHMRC (Grant No. 1008522) and a grant from the Collier Foundation. The ACPU cohort was funded by NHMRC, Australia (Project Grant Nos. 384419 and 569533 [to TS]). This work was supported by research grants from the National Healthcare Group, Singapore (Grant Nos. SIG/05004, SIG/05028, and SIG /1103), and the Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (RP C009/2006 [to KS]), and the Ministry of Health, Czech Republic - conceptual development of research organization (“Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine - IKEM, IN 00023001” [to ASk]). This study was supported by the Italian Ministry of Health (Grant No. RC/17-18-19-20-21/A [to GS]) and Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic (Grant No. NU20-04-00393 [to FS]). The Drakenstein Child Health Study (DCHS) cohort is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (Grant No. OPP 1017641) and the South African Medical Research Council. This DCHS contribution was made possible in part by a grant from Carnegie Corporation of New York. The statements made and views expressed are solely the responsibility of the author (DJS). STRADL study was supported and funded by the Wellcome Trust Strategic Award “Stratifying Resilience and Depression Longitudinally” (Grant No. 104036/Z/14/Z), and the Medical Research Council Mental Health Pathfinder Award “Leveraging routinely collected and linked research data to study the causes and consequences of common mental disorders” (MRC, Grant No. MC_PC_17209). Scottish Bipolar Family Study (SBFS) was supported by National Health Service Research Scotland, through the Scottish Mental Health Research Network ( www.smhrn.org.uk ), who provided assistance with subject recruitment and assessments. SBFS was conducted at the Brain Research Imaging Centre ( http://www.bric.ed.ac.uk ), which is supported by SINAPSE (Scottish Imaging Network, a Platform for Scientific Excellence, http://www.sinapse.ac.uk ). Processing of the datasets used the resources provided by the Edinburgh Compute and Data Facility ( http://www.ecdf.ed.ac.uk/ ) (ASt). TVR was supported by an NHMRC Early Career Fellowship (Grant No. GNT1088785). Collection of the COGSBD cohort was funded by the Jack Brockhoff Foundation, University of Melbourne, Barbara Dicker Brain Sciences Foundation, Rebecca L Cooper Foundation, and the Society of Mental Health Research (to TVR). EV was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PI18/00805) integrated into the Plan Nacional de I+D+I and co-financed by the ISCIII-Subdirección General de Evaluación and the FEDER; the Instituto de Salud Carlos III; the CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental); by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya and the Secretaria d’Universitats i Recerca del Departament d’Economia I Coneixement (Grant No. 2017SGR1355). This study was also supported by the Departament de Salut de la Generalitat de Catalunya, Pla Estratègic de Recerca i Innovació en Salut (PERIS) 2016-2020 (Grant No. SLT006/17/00345) and the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (EU.3.1.1. Understanding health, wellbeing and disease: Grant Nos. 754907 and EU.3.1.3 [to EB]; Treating and managing disease: Grant No. 945151 [to EV]). This study was supported by the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (Grant Nos. R21AT009173 and R61AT009864 [to TTY]); by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (CTSI), National Institutes of Health, through UCSF-CTSI (Grant No. UL1TR001872 [to TTY]); by the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention (Grant No. SRG-1-141-18 [to TTY]); by UCSF Research Evaluation and Allocation Committee (REAC) and J. Jacobson Fund (to TTY); by the NIMH (Grant No. R01MH085734 [to TTY]); and by the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation (formerly NARSAD) (to TTY). Funding Information: This work was supported by a personal Veni grant to MH from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO, Grant No. 91619115 [to MH]) and European Community’s Horizon 2020 Programme (H2020/2014 – 2020) (Grant Agreements Nos. 667302 [CoCA], 728018 [Eat2beNICE], and 847879 [PRIME] [to BF]). JBu has been supported by the EU-AIMS (European Autism Interventions) and AIMS-2-TRIALS programmes, which receive support from Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking Grant Nos. 115300 and 777394, the resources of which are composed of financial contributions from the European Union’s FP7 and Horizon 2020 Programmes, and from the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations companies’ in-kind contributions, and AUTISM SPEAKS, Autistica and SFARI; and by the Horizon 2020–supported programme CANDY (Grant No. 847818 [to JBu]). This work is supported by Grant No. NIA T32AG058507 and NIH Grant No. U54EB020403 from the Big Data to Knowledge (BD2K) Program (to CRKC). ENIGMA MDD work is supported by NIH (Grant Nos. U54 EB020403 [to PT], R01 MH116147 [to PT], and R01 MH117601 [to NJ and LS]). LS was supported by an NHMRC Career Development Fellowship (Grant No. 1140764). This work was supported by the National Center for Research Resources at the NIH (Grant Nos. NIH 1 U24 RR021992 [Function Biomedical Informatics Research Network], NIH 1 U24 RR025736-01 [Biomedical Informatics Research Network Coordinating Center; http://www.birncommunity.org ]). TGMvE is supported by ENIGMA’s NIH BD2K initiative (Grant No. U54 EB020403), ENIGMA Sex Differences (Grant No. R01MH116147), and ENIGMA-COINSTAC: Advanced Worldwide Transdiagnostic Analysis of Valence System Brain Circuits (Grant No. R01MH121246). This work was supported by the NIH (Grant No. R01MH121246 [to JT, Calhoun, and TGMvE]). This work was supported in part by NIH (Grant No. U54 EB020403 [to PT]). Funding Information: VA, HJB, KD, DG, and WH express gratitude to all participants of the Münster Neuroimaging Study. EV and RC acknowledge the support of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and FEDER. PTM and CPa thank C. Loughland, the ASRB Manager, and acknowledges the help of Jason Bridge for ASRB database queries. Funding Information: CAr has been a consultant to or has received honoraria or grants from Acadia, Angelini, Boehringer, Gedeon Richter, Janssen-Cilag, Lundbeck, Minerva, Otsuka, Roche, Sage, Servier, Shire, Ethiopia, Schering Plough, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Sunovion, and Takeda. TB served in an advisory or consultancy role for ADHS digital, Infectopharm, Lundbeck, Medice, Neurim Pharmaceuticals, Oberberg GmbH, Roche, and Takeda; received conference support or speaker’s fees from Medice and Takeda; and received royalties from Hogrefe, Kohlhammer, CIP Medien, Oxford University Press. This work is unrelated to these relationships. DB serves as an unpaid scientific consultant for an EU-funded neurofeedback trial. DC served on the advisory board or speaker for Takeda, Medice, Novartis, and Sunovian, unrelated to this work. HJG has received travel grants and speakers honoraria from Fresenius Medical Care, Neuraxpharm, Servier, and Janssen-Cilag as well as research funding from Fresenius Medical Care. EHG has received lecture honoraria from Takeda and Sandoz. NJ is MPI of a research grant from Biogen Inc. for work unrelated to the contents of this article. ML has received lecture honoraria from Lundbeck. DHM serves as a consultant for Boehringer Ingelheim, Cadent Therapeutics, Syndisi, and Recognify. CPa has received honoraria for talks at educational meetings and has served on an advisory board for Lundbeck, Australia Pty Ltd. KR reports a grant from Takeda Pharmaceuticals and consultancy fees from Lundbeck. EV has received grants and served as consultant, advisor, or CME speaker for the following entities (unrelated to the present work): AB-Biotics, AbbVie, Aimentia, Angelini, Celon, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma, Ferrer, Gedeon Richter, GH, (Research), GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Lundbeck, Organon, Otsuka, Sage, Sanofi-Aventis, Sunovion, and Takeda. BF has received educational speaking fees from Medice GmbH. JBu has been in the past 3 years a consultant to, member of advisory board of, and/or speaker for Takeda/Shire, Roche, Medice, Angelini, Janssen, and Servier. He is not an employee of any of these companies and not a stock shareholder of any of these companies. He has no other financial or material support, including expert testimony, patents, and royalties. CRKC has received partial research support from Biogen, Inc for work unrelated to the topic of this article. OAA has served as a consultant to HealthLytix and received speaker’s honoraria from Ludbeck and Sunovion. FXC has served in the past on a BOL Pharma scientific advisory board, unrelated to this work. PT received partial funding support from Biogen, Inc for research unrelated to this article. All other authors report no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 Society of Biological Psychiatry

PY - 2022/3/3

Y1 - 2022/3/3

U2 - 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.02.959

DO - 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.02.959

M3 - Article

SN - 0006-3223

JO - Biological Psychiatry

JF - Biological Psychiatry

ER -