@article{add85f1a5071473f85825e6da37ce6f5,
title = "Young children from three diverse cultures spontaneously and consistently prepare for alternative future possibilities",
abstract = "This study examined future-oriented behavior in children (3–6 years; N = 193) from three diverse societies—one industrialized Western city and two small, geographically isolated communities. Children had the opportunity to prepare for two alternative versions of an immediate future event over six trials. Some 3-year-olds from all cultures demonstrated competence, and a majority of the oldest children from each culture prepared for both future possibilities on every trial. Although there were some cultural differences in the youngest age groups that approached ceiling performance, the overall results indicate that children across these communities become able to prepare for alternative futures during early childhood. This acquisition period is therefore not contingent on Western upbringing, and may instead indicate normal cognitive maturation.",
author = "Jonathan Redshaw and Thomas Suddendorf and Karri Neldner and Matti Wilks and Keyan Tomaselli and Ilana Mushin and Mark Nielsen",
note = "Funding Information: This study was supported by an Australian Research Council Discovery Project Grant (DP140101410) awarded to Mark Nielsen. We thank the Queensland Museum staff and patrons for their assistance with data collection for the Brisbane sample. We thank the Yanyuwa, Garrwa, Mara, and Gudanji communities for their assistance with data collection for the Indigenous Australian sample. We thank the !Xun, Khwe, and ‡Khomani communities for their assistance with data collection for the South African Bushman sample, and Andre and Anneke for their assistance with translation. Finally, we thank Judith de Villiers and the coordinators of the Caritas program for their help in providing access to participants in Platfontein. We acknowledge that there has been much debate over naming and self-naming among the collective cultural group from which we sampled the South African participants. San is the official term, a Nama word meaning “forager” or “bandit.” Our research communities, however, prefer the name Bushmen, which entails a positive reappropriation of a term previously considered pejorative. We therefore use our communities{\textquoteright} own self-naming, which encodes a degree of resistance to being named by officialism.",
year = "2019",
month = jan,
day = "11",
doi = "10.1111/cdev.13084",
language = "English",
volume = "90",
pages = "51--61",
journal = "Child Development",
issn = "0009-3920",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell",
number = "1",
}